Injection- Seeded Optoplasmonic Amplifier in the Visible

Abstract

A hybrid optoplasmonic amplifier, injection-seeded by an internally-generated Raman signal and operating in the visible (563–675 nm), is proposed and evidence for amplification is presented. Comprising a gain medium tethered to a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator with a protein, and a plasmonic surface, the optical system described here selectively amplifies a single (or a few) Raman line(s) produced within the WGM resonator and is well-suited for routing narrowband optical power on-a-chip. Over the past five decades, optical oscillators and amplifiers have typically been based on the buildup of the field from the spontaneous emission background. Doing so limits the temporal coherence of the output, lengthens the time required for the optical field intensity to reach saturation, and often is responsible for complex, multiline spectra. In addition to the spectral control afforded by injection-locking, the effective Q of the amplifier can be specified by the bandwidth of the injected Raman signal. This characteristic contrasts with previous WGM-based lasers and amplifiers for which the Q is determined solely by the WGM resonator.

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“…1g ). Raman spectra for PCL membranes with the pDA coating exhibited peaks corresponding to aromatic ring breathing (1,010 cm −1 ), C=C vibrations (1,609 cm −1 ) and aromatic ring CH vibrations (3,057 cm −1 ; refs 40 , 41 ). No major differences were observed in the Raman spectra of uncoated PCL membranes before and after plasma treatment.…”

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“…Kang et al fabricated optoplasmonic complexes by positioning dielectric microspheres (diameter > 10 μm) on top of gold nanodimers and observed enhanced sensitivity with whispering gallery mode (WGM) biosensors in these hybrid structures . Gartia et al studied the amplified Raman signal of dyes tethered to a WGM resonator located on top of a plasmonic surface, which is induced by an injection-seeding process . However, in many discrete optoplasmonic systems, including metal NP cluster-supported dielectric microspheres, the dependency of the E -field enhancement on the size of the dielectric component is insufficiently understood.…”

“…35 induced by an injection-seeding process. 36 However, in many discrete optoplasmonic systems, including metal NP clustersupported dielectric microspheres, the dependency of the Efield enhancement on the size of the dielectric component is insufficiently understood. In particular, the important question as to how the size of the dielectric microsphere relates to the SERS signal enhancement needs to be addressed.…”

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“…After considering the losses in the optical network, the power reflection coefficient r 11 [2] is evaluated as ∼0.03. A two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to estimate the other scattering coefficients of Eq.…”