Injection-Molded Parts of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610 and Biobased Halloysite Nanotubes

Marset, David; Dolza, Celia; Boronat, Teodomiro; Muñoz, Néstor Montañés; Balart, Rafael; Sànchez-Nácher, Lourdes; Quiles-Carrillo, Luís

doi:10.3390/polym12071503

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In this sense, the incorporation of HNTs in relation to the residual mass is closely related to the values obtained in TGA degradation behavior in the previous work [ 45 ], focused on mechanical, thermal, morphological, and thermomechanical properties. The previous TGA results on the PA610/HNT system indicated a slight increase in the onset degradation temperature from 417.4 °C up to 419.6 °C, as well as the maximum degradation rate temperature (from 461.5 °C up to 466.6 °C).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This improvement in heat release may be closely related to the good dispersion obtained by HNTs in PA610. This factor can be seen directly in the mechanical properties section, and in particular, in the morphology of the samples from the previous work [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous works, the impact of the incorporation of HNTs into biobased PA610 at different levels on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties has been deeply studied [ 45 ]. However, the main objective of the work reported here was the use of different levels of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to improve the flame-retardant properties of PA610.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610

et al. 2020

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The main objective of the work reported here was the analysis and evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as natural flame retardancy filler in partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), with 63% of carbon from natural sources. HNTs are naturally occurring clays with a nanotube-like shape. PA610 compounds containing 10%, 20%, and 30% HNT were obtained in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting blends were injection molded to create standard samples for fire testing. The incorporation of the HNTs in the PA610 matrix leads to a reduction both in the optical density and a significant reduction in the number of toxic gases emitted during combustion. This improvement in fire properties is relevant in applications where fire safety is required. With regard to calorimetric cone results, the incorporation of 30% HNTs achieved a significant reduction in terms of the peak values obtained of the heat released rate (HRR), changing from 743 kW/m2 to about 580 kW/m2 and directly modifying the shape of the characteristic curve. This improvement in the heat released has produced a delay in the mass transfer of the volatile decomposition products, which are entrapped inside the HNTs’ lumen, making it difficult for the sample to burn. However, in relation to the ignition time of the samples (TTI), the incorporation of HNTs reduces the ignition start time about 20 s. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain polymer formulations with a high renewable content such as PA610, and a natural occurring inorganic filler in the form of a nanotube, i.e., HNTs, with good flame retardancy properties in terms of toxicity, optical density and UL94 test.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610

et al. 2020

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“…This does not only increase the product cost but also adversely affects the environment in terms of carbon emissions. On the other hand, ISF substantially reduces the tooling cost and minimizes the environmental burden by enabling cold processing [ 10 , 11 ]. Until now, process mechanics pertaining to polymers forming has been a major research focus of the researchers in this new domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Forming Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Sheet Processed by Incremental Sheet Forming: Insights into Effects of Plastic Strain, and Orientation and Size of Specimen

2020

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The innovative Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) process affects the post-forming properties of thermoplastic polymers. However, the effects of degree of plastic strain, and the orientation and size of specimen on the mechanical properties are still unknown. In the present study, therefore, the ISF process is performed on a polymer sheet by varying the plastic strain ranging from 6% to 108%. The corresponding effects on the properties and associated polymer structure are quantified by conducting a variety of mechanical and structural tests. The results reveal that the post-ISF tensile properties like yield stress, ultimate stress, drawing stress, elastic modulus and elongation decrease from 26.6 to 10 MPa, 30.5 to 15.4 MPa, 18.9 to 9.9 MPa, 916 to 300 MPa and 1107% to 457%, respectively, as the strain increases in the investigated range. The value of post-ISF relaxation properties, contrary to the tensile properties, increases with increasing strain up to 62%. Particularly, reductions in stress, strain and modulus increase from 41% to 202%, 37% to 51%, and 41% to 202%. As regard the orientation effect, the sheet in the feed direction shows greater strength than the transverse direction (up to 142% in yield stress and 72% in ultimate stress). Moreover, the smaller sample offers greater strength than the larger one (up to 158% in yield stress and 109% in ultimate stress). The analysis of the post-ISF tensile properties and structural results lead us to conclude that the drop in the tensile properties due to increasing strain occurs due to corresponding increase in the voids area fraction (1.25% to 31%) and a reduction in the crystallinity (38% to 31%).

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“…By using bio‐based PAs such as PA610, PA410, and PA11 instead of synthetic ones such as PA6, and PA66, materials with less environmental damage can be obtained. [ 2,8,9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the properties of PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber reinforced PA6/PA610 composites

Artykbaeva¹,

Durmaz²,

Aksoy

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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Polyamide (PA) is the mostwidely used type of semi‐crystalline polymer among engineering plastics, with its low density and high mechanical properties. But the high moisture absorption of PA6 limits its use in some areas. Blending and the addition of reinforcement can decrease the moisture absorption value of PA6. In this research, the PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PA6/PA610 composites were fabricated, and the features of these blends‐composites were examined. The blends and composites were produced by using extrusion and injection molding methods and characterized by water absorption (WA) test, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The loading rates of GF were used as 10–20‐ 30–40 wt%. According to the tensile test consequences, the highest increase in the tensile strength for the composites was observed at 30% GF ratio. DMA results demonstrated an increase in loss modulus and storage with the increasing fiber amount. It is observed that the WA value of neat PA6 was diminished by blending with PA610 and adding an increasing amount of GF.

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Injection-Molded Parts of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610 and Biobased Halloysite Nanotubes

Cited by 18 publications

References 68 publications

The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610

The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610

Post-Forming Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Sheet Processed by Incremental Sheet Forming: Insights into Effects of Plastic Strain, and Orientation and Size of Specimen

Investigation of the properties of PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber reinforced PA6/PA610 composites

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