Injection Drug Use

Liu

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

2022

In order to explore the application of intelligent intravenous drug dispensing robot in clinical nursing, the efficiency, residual amount, needle pushing, and pulling times, the incidence of accidental hand stab injury and the accuracy of drug dispensing were compared and observed between intelligent intravenous drug dispensing robot and manual dispensing. The study found that the sterile powder residual amount of injection is pointed out in the standard, the drug label is not equipped with ≤50 mg, and the residual limit is ≤ 15%; the lamination is 50–150 mg, the residual amount is limited to ≤10%; the marking is 150–500 mg, the residual amount is ≤ 7%; the marking is 500 mg, the residual amount is limited to ≤5%; 6 months of artificial deployment accidental stab ergonomics occur; without this phenomenon when using the drug-like robot, 6 months internal use of the pharmaceutical robot, 4 times of error occurrence, and errors occurred 60 times. During the clinical intravenous infusion dispensing process, the use of intelligent vein is used to configure the robot, improve the efficiency of the drug, reduce the incidence of drug residual, reduce the incidence of dispensing, increase the accuracy and safety of venous liquidation, and decrease to some extent professional injury caused by drug formulation for liquid nurses.

Section: Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Intelligent Intravenous Drug Dispensing Robot in Clinical Nursing

Liu

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

2022

“…However, there were significant healthcare disparities between these two populations (Table 1). In particular, IE‐incidence was three times higher in Medicaid than Commercial/Medicare Supplemental patients (despite younger age), possibly reflecting a higher prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) in this population (Baddour et al, 2021;Deo et al, 2018; Fleischauer et al, 2017). Recent studies have reported that >40% of IDU‐related IE‐hospitalizations occur in Medicaid enrollees (Deo et al, 2018; Fleischauer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocarditis, invasive dental procedures, and antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy in US Medicaid patients

et al. 2023

Self Cite

ObjectiveAntibiotic prophylaxis is recommended before invasive dental procedures to prevent endocarditis in those at high risk, but supporting data are sparse. We therefore investigated any association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis, and any antibiotic prophylaxis effect on endocarditis incidence.Subjects and MethodsCohort and case‐crossover studies were performed on 1,678,190 Medicaid patients with linked medical, dental, and prescription data.ResultsThe cohort study identified increased endocarditis incidence within 30 days of invasive dental procedures in those at high risk, particularly after extractions (OR 14.17, 95% CI 5.40–52.11, p < 0.0001) or oral surgery (OR 29.98, 95% CI 9.62–119.34, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following invasive dental procedures (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.53, p < 0.0001). Case‐crossover analysis confirmed the association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis in those at high risk, particularly following extractions (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.65–5.27, p < 0.005) and oral surgery (OR 10.66, 95% CI 5.18–21.92, p < 0.0001). The number of invasive procedures, extractions, or surgical procedures needing antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent one endocarditis case was 244, 143 and 71, respectively.ConclusionsInvasive dental procedures (particularly extractions and oral surgery) were significantly associated with endocarditis in high‐risk individuals, but AP significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following these procedures, thereby supporting current guideline recommendations.

Steep rise in drug use-associated infective endocarditis in West Virginia: Characteristics and healthcare utilization

et al. 2022

Introduction Life-threatening infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) are increasing simultaneously with the injection drug use epidemic in West Virginia (WV). We utilized a newly developed, statewide database to describe epidemiologic characteristics and healthcare utilization among patients with (DU-IE) and without (non-DU-IE) drug use-associated IE in WV over five years. Materials and methods This retrospective, observational study, incorporating manual review of electronic medical records, included all patients aged 18–90 years who had their first admission for IE in any of the four university-affiliated referral hospitals in WV during 2014–2018. IE was identified using ICD-10-CM codes and confirmed by chart review. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and healthcare utilization were compared between patients with DU-IE and non-DU-IE using Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality vs. discharge alive as the outcome variable and drug use as the predictor variable. Results Overall 780 unique patients had confirmed first IE admission, with a six-fold increase during study period (p = .004). Most patients (70.9%) had used drugs before hospital admission, primarily by injection. Compared to patients with non-DU-IE, patients with DU-IE were significantly younger (median age: 33.9 vs. 64.1 years; p < .001); were hospitalized longer (median: 25.5 vs. 15 days; p < .001); had a higher proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (42.7% vs. 29.9%; p < .001), psychiatric disorders (51.2% vs. 17.3%; p < .001), cardiac surgeries (42.9% vs. 26.6%; p < .001), and discharges against medical advice (19.9% vs. 1.4%; p < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed drug use was an independent predictor of the combined outcome of discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.67–5.64). Discussion and conclusion This multisite study reveals a 681% increase in IE admissions in WV over five years primarily attributable to injection drug use, underscoring the urgent need for both prevention efforts and specialized strategies to improve outcomes.