Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Priest, Sydney M.; Geisbuhler, Timothy P.

doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.07.012

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Pentobarbital is used orally or rectally as an alternative in pediatric sedative procedures such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in infants to control pain, anxiety, and mobility [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . Some information on the drug stability has been reported referring to the degradation of the drug under acidic conditions [6] , [7] , [8] . With respect to the necessity to have a pH upper 8.0 to protect pentobarbital degradation, an oral liquid preparation with a basic pH consisted of producing a stable oral suspension in Syrspend SF Alka vehicle buffered at a pH >7.…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability data of extemporaneous oral suspension of pentobarbital in Syrspend SF Alka for imaging sedation procedure

et al. 2021

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Pentobarbital is used as an alternative in pediatric sedative imaging procedures. Pentobarbital is only available as pharmaceutical powder. Regardless of its clinical use, its manipulation is necessary byhospital pharmacists that must prepare adapted dosage forms for pediatrics. The data presented in this article suggest that extemporaneous suspensions of sodium pentobarbital in oral liquid base are stable for at least 120 days.

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Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability data of extemporaneous oral suspension of pentobarbital in Syrspend SF Alka for imaging sedation procedure

et al. 2021

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“…However, sumianxin II has a long, unsatisfactory induction time (3, 4). As a moderate sedative, pentobarbital can induce hypnosis, but the dose required for a typical analgesic effect is toxic (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, pentobarbital must be dissolved and diluted for drug preparation, which is a relatively timeconsuming activity (6). Ketamine, a non-barbiturate anesthetic, provides intense analgesia with small circulation effects and a short maintenance time in large animals (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Three Anesthesia Drug Combinations in Miniature Pigs.

Kou¹,

Chen²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background To compare the effects of three anesthesia drug combinations in miniature pigs. Methods Guizhou miniature pigs （15 male, 15 female, 22-24 months）were randomly divided into three groups (n=10, 5 male, 5 female) and anesthetized intramuscularly (neck) with sumianxin Ⅱ (0.1 ml/kg) and 3% pentobarbital (0.8 ml/kg; Group A); ketamine (10 mg/kg) and 3% pentobarbital (0.8 ml/kg; Group B); or ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with sumianxin II (0.1 ml/kg; Group C). Induction time, maintenance time, recovery time, and mortality were recorded. Heart rate, respiration, mean arterial pressure, and body temperature were analyzed pre-anesthesia (T0), after induction (T1), 30 min after operation (T2), 60 min after operation (T3), and at the end of anesthesia (resuscitation, T4). Results There were no significant differences in body weight, length, or experimental period between animals in the three treatment groups. The induction times of groups B and C (2-3 min) were significantly shorter than that of group A (7.4±1.1 min). The maintenance time of group B (136±11.4 min) was significantly different from those of groups A and C. The recovery time of group C was 4±1.0 min, compared with 9±0.6 min in group A and 10±1.5 min in group B. In group A, five pigs had adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting), and one pig died. All animals in group B had adverse reactions, and one pig died. The pigs in group C did not experience adverse reactions. The heart rates and respiration of the animals in group C were decreased at T2 and T3 compared with those of group A and B; there were no differences in heart rate and respiration between groups A and B. There were no differences in body temperature or mean arterial pressure of the pigs in the three treatment groups.Conclusions Intramuscular injection of ketamine combined with sumianxin Ⅱ is a suitable anesthesia therapy in miniature pigs because of short induction and recovery times, long maintenance time, and effectiveness.

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“…Stokes and coworkers (2009) showed that ketamine, chloral hydrate, pentobarbital and isoflurane are typical anesthetics in rodent surgical procedures. However, the use o pentobarbital is declining because of its decreasing availability (Richardson and Flecknell 2005;Priest and Geisbuhler 2015). Accordingly, thiopental may be a barbiturate option in short-time procedures (Sumitra et al 2004;Gaertner et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of anesthetic choice in procedures preceding psychopharmacological studies

Gaigher

Siqueira

et al. 2018

Preprint

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RationalePrevious studies indicated that some general anesthetics induce long-term antidepressant and/or anxiolytic-like effects. This raises the concern about the use of anesthesia in surgeries that precede psycopharmacological tests, since it may be a potential bias on results depending on the experimental design used.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether commonly used general anesthetics in surgeries preceding psychopharmacological tests would affect rat behavior in tests predictive of antidepressant or anxiolytic-like effects. We also evaluated whether prior anesthesia would interfere in the detection of the antidepressant-like effect of imipramine or the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam.MethodsWe tested if a single exposure to subanesthetic or anesthetic doses of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol, chloral hydrate, thiopental or isoflurane would change rat’s behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) or in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, at 2 hours or 7 days after administration.ResultsPrevious anesthesia with the aforementioned anesthetics did not change rat behavior in FST per se nor it changed the antidepressant-like effect induced by imipramine treatment. Rats previously anesthetized with tribromoethanol or chloral hydrate exhibited, respectively, anxiogenic-like or anxiolytic-like behavior in the EPM. Prior anesthesia with thiopental or isoflurane did not produce anyper seeffect in rat behavior in the EPM nor disturbed the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam.ConclusionOur results suggest that, in our experimental conditions, tribromoethanol and chloral hydrate are improper anesthetics for surgeries that precede behavioral tests related to anxiety. Isoflurane or thiopental may be suitable for anesthesia before evaluation in animal models predictive of antidepressant or anxiolytic-like effect.

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Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Stability data of extemporaneous oral suspension of pentobarbital in Syrspend SF Alka for imaging sedation procedure

Stability data of extemporaneous oral suspension of pentobarbital in Syrspend SF Alka for imaging sedation procedure

Effects of Three Anesthesia Drug Combinations in Miniature Pigs.

Refinement of anesthetic choice in procedures preceding psychopharmacological studies

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