Injectable Nano‐Micro Composites with Anti‐bacterial and Osteogenic Capabilities for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Osteomyelitis

Abstract

The effective management of osteomyelitis remains extremely challenging due to the difficulty associated with treating bone defects, the high probability of recurrence, the requirement of secondary surgery or multiple surgeries, and the difficulty in eradicating infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Hence, smart biodegradable biomaterials that provide effective and precise local anti‐infection effects and can promote the repair of bone defects are actively being developed. Here, a novel nano‐micro composite is fabricated by combining calcium phosphate (CaP) nanosheets with drug‐loaded GelMA microspheres via microfluidic technology. The microspheres are covalently linked with vancomycin (Van) through an oligonucleotide (oligo) linker using an EDC/NHS carboxyl activator. Accordingly, a smart nano‐micro composite called “CaP@MS‐Oligo‐Van” is synthesized. The porous CaP@MS‐Oligo‐Van composites can target and capture bacteria. They can also release Van in response to the presence of bacterial micrococcal nuclease and Ca2+, exerting additional antibacterial effects and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Finally, the released CaP nanosheets can promote bone tissue repair. Overall, the findings show that a rapid, targeted drug release system based on CaP@MS‐Oligo‐Van can effectively target bone tissue infections. Hence, this agent holds potential in the clinical treatment of osteomyelitis caused by MRSA.

Photochemical Strategies toward Precision Targeting against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections

“…Antibiotics remain a formidable weapon for treating clinical infections. , Customizing antibiotics for PSs enables for more precise targeting according to their antibacterial spectra. For example, Chen et al fabricated a nanocomposite of methylbenzene blue (MB)-loaded ZIF-8-PAA and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), decorated with vancomycin (Van) and NH 2 -polyethylene glycol (Van/NH 2 –PEG) .…”

Recent Progress in Implantable Drug Delivery Systems

“…Simultaneously, calcium phosphate nanosheets were released from the gel pores to promote bonedefect repair. [25]…”