Injectable Multiple Sclerosis Medications

Stewart, Thomas; Tran, Zung Vu

doi:10.7224/1537-2073-14.1.46

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“… 1 An estimated 2.3 million people worldwide live with the debilitating symptoms of MS. 2 Since the etiology of MS is unknown, current MS therapeutic plans comprise of first- and second-line immune-modulation strategies to reduce the frequency of relapse and to slow the progression of disease. 3 However, these therapeutic strategies have so far proven ineffective at treating the progressive forms of MS. The ineffectiveness of these therapeutics during progressive MS is believed to be because the chronic inflammatory events driving demyelination and neurodegeneration during progressive MS are localized in the CNS and not the periphery, 4 and current therapies are unable to cross the blood–brain barrier to modify chronic neuroinflammatory processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced disease reduction using clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, and glatiramer acetate combination therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Green

Zareie

Templeton

et al. 2017

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Cl

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BackgroundAtypical antipsychotic agents (AAP) alleviate the symptoms of severe mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, by antagonizing dopamine and serotonin receptors. Recently, AAP have also been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties in the central nervous system (CNS).ObjectiveBuilding on research which demonstrated the ability of the AAP risperidone and clozapine to modify the disease course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we aimed to more fully investigate the potential of clozapine as a possible treatment for MS.ResultsWe report that orally administered clozapine significantly reduced the disease severity of EAE in a dose-dependent manner and was effective when administered prophylactically and therapeutically. In comparison to risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine, clozapine was the best at reducing disease severity. While clozapine-treated mice had only modest changes to peripheral leukocytes and cytokine responses, these animals had significantly fewer CNS-infiltrating CD4 T cells and myeloid cells. Furthermore, the CNS myeloid cells displayed a less activated phenotype in mice treated with clozapine. Finally, we found that co-administration of clozapine with glatiramer acetate enhanced disease protection compared to either treatment alone.ConclusionThese studies indicate that clozapine is an effective immunomodulatory agent with the potential to treat immune-mediated diseases such as MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced disease reduction using clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, and glatiramer acetate combination therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Green

Zareie

Templeton

et al. 2017

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Cl

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“…Adherence to DMTs is a critical factor in ensuring maximum clinical benefit for patients with MS. Poor adherence is associated with worse MS outcomes, including disability progression and relapses [ 142 ]. Autoinjector devices reduce injection-site reactions and may thereby improve adherence [ 143 , 144 ]. The autoinjector devices currently available for dispensing IFN-β-1a sc include the RebiSmart ® , Rebiject ® , and Rebidose ® autoinjectors; RebiSmart ® is approved for use in Canada and Europe, Rebiject ® is approved for use in the USA, and Rebidose ® is approved for use in Europe and the USA.…”

Section: Real-world Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty Years of Subcutaneous Interferon-Beta-1a for Multiple Sclerosis: Contemporary Perspectives

Freedman,

Coyle,

Hellwig

et al. 2024

Neurol Ther

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), the most common form of the disease, is characterized by transient neurological dysfunction with concurrent accumulation of disability. Over the past three decades, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) capable of reducing the frequency of relapses and slowing disability worsening have been studied and approved for use in patients with RRMS. The first DMTs were interferon-betas (IFN-βs), which were approved in the 1990s. Among them was IFN-β-1a for subcutaneous (sc) injection (Rebif ® ), which was approved for the treatment of MS in Europe and Canada in 1998 and in the USA in 2002. Twenty years of clinical data and experience have supported the efficacy and safety of IFN-β-1a sc in the treatment of RRMS, including pivotal trials, real-world data, and extension studies lasting up to 15 years past initial treatment. Today, IFN-β-1a sc remains an important therapeutic option in clinical use, especially around pregnancy planning and lactation, and may also be considered for aging patients, in which MS activity declines and long-term immunosuppression associated with some alternative therapies is a concern. In addition, IFN-β-1a sc is used as a comparator in many clinical studies and provides a framework for research into the mechanisms by which MS begins and progresses.

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Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

et al. 2022

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Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of –OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.

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Injectable Multiple Sclerosis Medications

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Enhanced disease reduction using clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, and glatiramer acetate combination therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Enhanced disease reduction using clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, and glatiramer acetate combination therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Twenty Years of Subcutaneous Interferon-Beta-1a for Multiple Sclerosis: Contemporary Perspectives

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

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