Injectable microspheres for extended delivery of bioactive insulin and salicylic acid

Abstract

Developing methods for insulin delivery continues to be of great translational research interest as insulin remains one of the most effective and commonly used treatments for diabetes. Bolus insulin injection at frequent intervals or insulin-loaded pumps used to treat diabetic patients have drawbacks including highly uneven kinetics, low patient compliance, enhanced chances of infections and disease transmission, and device fouling. This study evaluates the in vivo effects of insulin-loaded, salicylatebased, biocompatible, biodegradable polymeric microspheres that gradually release salicylic acid and insulin simultaneously. The study is predicated on the knowledge that such a continuous delivery system can release insulin over an extended period of time and overcome the aforementioned issues. Additionally, salicylic acid reduces insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic patients. In this work, we observed that insulin and salicylic acid were detected in serum over an extended period of time (at least 12 h and 4 days, respectively), and mice receiving insulin-loaded microspheres had a blood glucose reduction time frame ⩾12 times that of bolus insulin administration.

Sustained Release of Salicylic Acid for Halting Peri-Implantitis Progression in Healthy and Hyperglycemic Systemic Conditions: A Gottingen Minipig Model

“…Biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymeric carriers designed for drug transporters, such as salicylic acid poly­(anhydride-ester) (SAPAE), have emerged as safe and efficient therapies that control the rate, time, and place of drug release, being amenable to various formulations for drug delivery and handling. ,,,− The local and sustained release of drugs may represent a breakthrough for increasing the predictability of peri-implantitis treatment, as demonstrated by the current results, encouraging future investigations to evaluate the benefits of using different dosages and/or protocols as well as different types of drugs and/or drug combinations. A previous study has also demonstrated the positive effects of adding SAPAE powder to grafted areas in small animal models for either healthy or hyperglycemic systemic conditions, which along with the current data encourages future highly translational studies to investigate the benefits of associating local and sustained release of anti-inflammatory drugs in regenerative procedures …”

Biocompatibility of Dead Sea Water and retinyl palmitate carrying poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) micro/nanoparticles designed for transdermal skin therapy

“…The materials used to encapsulate drugs can be ceramics, 11 inorganic materials, 12 polymeric, 13 or lipoid particles. 14 Nanoparticles were used in the delivery of DNA, 15 antitumor drugs, 16 and in the transfer of drugs that need to cross the BBB.…”

“…6 Nanocarriers have three important properties as delivery systems: (1) high rate of release due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, (2) extravasation leading to release of the drugs in regions with compromised vasculature, and (3) ease of transportation across biological membranes including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). [7][8][9][10] The materials used to encapsulate drugs can be ceramics, 11 inorganic materials, 12 polymeric, 13 or lipoid particles. 14 Nanoparticles were used in the delivery of DNA, 15 antitumor drugs, 16 and in the transfer of drugs that need to cross the BBB.…”