Injectable Drug Delivery Systems for Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which require chronic treatment focused on symptomatic relief. Conventional drugs administered through systemic or intra-articular routes have low accumulation and/or retention in articular cartilage, causing dose-limiting toxicities and reduced efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved strategies for drug delivery, in particular, the use of micro- and nanotechnology-based methods. Encapsulation of therapeutic agents in delivery systems reduces drug efflux from the joint and protects against rapid cellular and enzymatic clearance following intra-articular injection. Consequently, the use of drug delivery systems decreases side effects and increases therapeutic efficacy due to enhanced drug retention in the intra-articular space. Additionally, the frequency of intra-articular administration is reduced, as delivery systems enable sustained drug release. This review summarizes various advanced drug delivery systems, such as nano- and microcarriers, developed for articular cartilage diseases.

Apoptotic Neutrophil Membrane-Camouflaged Liposomes for Dually Targeting Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts to Attenuate Osteoarthritis

“…Given that OA is locally restricted to one or a few joints, intra-articular drug delivery has a number of advantages over systemic delivery, including reduced systemic drug exposure, lower risk of systemic side effects, and decreased cost. , We investigated the intra-articular retention time of NM@Lip in osteoarthritic joints using an i n vivo imaging system. NM@Lip was loaded with DiD and intra-articularly injected into the knee of rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA.…”

The Delivery and Activation of Growth Factors Using Nanomaterials for Bone Repair

“…Organic nanoparticles with high molecule-loading capacity have garnered significant attention from scientists, and liposome nanoparticles as well as polymeric nanoparticles are the two main categories [ 106 ]. Liposomes protect their core contents through a hydrated phospholipid bilayer and provide protection against both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs [ 107 ].…”

Drug-Embedded Nanovesicles Assembled from Peptide-Decorated Hyaluronic Acid for Rheumatoid Arthritis Synergistic Therapy

“…In addition, intra-articular administration is less frequent because the delivery system is able to consistently release the drug. 40 More importantly, nanostructure-based drug carriers can improve the efficacy of the intra-articular injection by controlling the drug release, extending the drug retention time, and enhancing the drug penetration into the joint tissues. 28,41 In this study, a HA−peptide conjugate, HA−FmocFF polymer, was synthesized and coassembled with Cur.…”

“…Therefore, the use of nanostructure-based drug carriers reduces drug side effects and improves therapeutic effectiveness due to enhanced drug retention time within the joint. In addition, intra-articular administration is less frequent because the delivery system is able to consistently release the drug . More importantly, nanostructure-based drug carriers can improve the efficacy of the intra-articular injection by controlling the drug release, extending the drug retention time, and enhancing the drug penetration into the joint tissues. , …”