Initiation of Locomotor Activity in Decerebrate and Spinal Cats Using Noninvasive Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord

Musienko, Pavel; Bogacheva, I. N.; Savokhin, A. A.; Kilimnik, V. A.; Gorskii, Oleg; Nikitin, O. A.; Gerasimenko, Yu. P.

doi:10.1007/s11055-015-0102-z

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…From a clinical perspective, the inhibitory mechanism from the dorsal lumbar region to spinal locomotor networks appears to have been conserved in humans (Nadeau et al, 2010), as stated earlier. Interestingly, studies have shown that transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation of the dorsal lumbar region activates the spinal locomotor network (Gorodnichev et al, 2012;Musienko et al, 2013;Gerasimenko et al, 2015). It also reduces some manifestations of spasticity in complete or incomplete SCI subjects, such as the resistance to passive stretch and the occurrence of muscle spasms evoked by cutaneous stimulation (Hofstoetter et al, 2014(Hofstoetter et al, , 2020Estes et al, 2017;Inanici et al, 2021).…”

Section: Functional and Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition and Facilitation of the Spinal Locomotor Central Pattern Generator and Reflex Circuits by Somatosensory Feedback From the Lumbar and Perineal Regions After Spinal Cord Injury

2021

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Somatosensory feedback from peripheral receptors dynamically interacts with networks located in the spinal cord and brain to control mammalian locomotion. Although somatosensory feedback from the limbs plays a major role in regulating locomotor output, those from other regions, such as lumbar and perineal areas also shape locomotor activity. In mammals with a complete spinal cord injury, inputs from the lumbar region powerfully inhibit hindlimb locomotion, while those from the perineal region facilitate it. Our recent work in cats with a complete spinal cord injury shows that they also have opposite effects on cutaneous reflexes from the foot. Lumbar inputs increase the gain of reflexes while those from the perineal region decrease it. The purpose of this review is to discuss how somatosensory feedback from the lumbar and perineal regions modulate the spinal locomotor central pattern generator and reflex circuits after spinal cord injury and the possible mechanisms involved. We also discuss how spinal cord injury can lead to a loss of functional specificity through the abnormal activation of functions by somatosensory feedback, such as the concurrent activation of locomotion and micturition. Lastly, we discuss the potential functions of somatosensory feedback from the lumbar and perineal regions and their potential for promoting motor recovery after spinal cord injury.

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