Initiation mechanism of a positive streamer in pressurized carbon dioxide up to liquid and supercritical phases with nanosecond pulsed voltages

Ihara, Takeshi; Furusato, Tomohiro; Kameda, S.; Kiyan, Tsuyoshi; Katsuki, S.; Hara, M.; Akiyama, H.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/45/7/075204

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some researchers also used Fractal Geometry and Monte Carlo method to simulate its characteristics [21][22][23][24]. Compared with research on the streamer propagation in air, only several articles investigated the streamer propagation along the insulation surface [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The characteristics of streamer propagation in air and along the different dielectric materials were surveyed in [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulation surface: influence of dielectric material

Meng

Mei

Changlong

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Research on dynamics of streamer propagation along different dielectric materials under a uniform electric field is presented. In the three-electrode arrangement, the variation of the streamer propagation probability, velocity and light intensity with electric field in the air and along the different dielectric materials was measured through three photomultipliers. The photographs of the streamer propagation in the air and along the different dielectric materials were taken with an ultraviolet camera. The test results have shown that the electric field required for streamer propagation in air alone is less than along the insulation surface. Furthermore, for electric fields higher than streamer 'stability' propagation fields, the streamer propagates along insulation surface with a 'fast' and a 'slow' component. However, the streamer propagates in air alone without a 'fast' component, only with a 'slow' component. The velocity of the streamer propagating in air alone is significantly less than the velocity of the 'fast' component, and is higher than the velocity of the 'slow' component. The streamer 'stability' propagation field and velocity depend upon the nature of the dielectric material. Specifically, higher electric fields are required for streamers to propagate along a dielectric material with larger permittivity. The velocity of streamer propagation along the dielectric material is also affected by attachment of charge to the surface and photoemission of secondary electrons from the surface so much. Consequently, under the same electric field, the relationship between streamer propagation velocity and permittivity of dielectric material is not very evident, roughly inverse proportion.Index Terms -Streamer propagation, dielectric material, three-electrode arrangement, streamer propagation electric field, streamer propagation velocity, streamer propagation light intensity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulation surface: influence of dielectric material

Meng

Mei

Changlong

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…Current analysis showed that burst contained electrons of 10 8 in SC and liquid phases. This suggests that direct ionization mechanism dominates initiation of the primary streamer [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1) All measured values of vsi at negative points are lower than those at the positive [7]. 2) There exists a discontinuity around the sub-critical phase in the vsi characteristic when going from gas to liquid or SC phase.…”

Section: Initiation Voltagementioning

confidence: 95%

Initiation mechanism of negative pulsed discharge in supercritical carbon dioxide

Furusato

Ihara

Kiyan

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)

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The initiation mechanism of a negative pulsed discharge in pressurized carbon dioxide including supercritical (SC) phase was studied using pulsed Schlieren and photomultiplier techniques. The appearance of the negative streamer at its initial stage was quite different from the positive one: a bush of negative polarity and a filament of positive polarity. A clear discontinuity existed around the sub-critical phase, characterized by streamer initiation voltage versus medium condition: The streamer initiation voltage increased with the medium density in gas phase, but was mostly independent of the medium density in SC and liquid phases. Calculation of field emission current according to Fowler-Nordheim equation suggested that the streamer initiation in both SC and liquid phases was caused by field emission, while within gas phase, initial electrons might be supplied by electron detachment from CO 2 ions.

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“…A positive correlation between corona inception voltage and Vr (0.5-3 kV/ns) was reported in [22]. The identical effect of the initiation voltage on Vr could be inferred in SC-CO2 because the initiation mechanism of positive streamer in SC-CO2 is suggested a direct ionization process [18]. Consequently, it is supposed that a number of initial electrons are drifted to the needle tip by rapidly enhanced field of IPPG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The results showed that the generation of initial electrons under negative polarity was supposed to field emission [17]; direct impact ionization mechanism was supposed by back-discharge analysis under positive and negative polarity [18], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Voltage Rise Rate on Streamer Branching and Shock Wave Characteristics in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Furusato

Ota

Fujishima

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Abstract-This paper reports on dependence of voltage rise rate on positive streamer branching and shock waves in supercritical carbon dioxide. Voltages with rise rates of 0.21 and 4.5 kV/ns were applied to a needle-to-plane electrode. Pre-breakdown phenomena involving streamer growth and shock wave propagation were observed by means of a shadowgraph method. Results show that the spread angle of the streamer at the needle tip under 4.5 kV/ns was nearly twice as large as that under 0.21 kV/ns. The discharge may initiate without density reduction due to electrostrictive force. While shock wave Mach number was little affected by the voltage rise rate, it increased by increasing the negative voltage peak. Consequently, the velocity of shock wave is presumed to be influenced by population of the vibrational state of carbon dioxide.Index Terms-Nanosecond pulsed discharge, positive streamer, shock waves, supercritical carbon dioxide, shadowgraph method, electrostrictive force. I. INTRODUCTIONISCHARGE plasma in supercritical (SC) fluid displays excellent controllability of both physical properties and chemical reactivity and is thus anticipated in new chemistry synthesis fields such as phenol polymerization [1], metallic oxide nanomaterials [2], carbon nanomaterials [3] and nanodiamonds [4]. Recently, the study of a pulsed power switch using SC-CO2 and SC-N2 has been launched as a novel application [5]- [7]. Understanding of streamer discharge and shock waves in SC fluids is of importance in the development of a SC reactor.Several studies related to direct current (DC) breakdown characteristics have been reported. For example, in SC-He, DC breakdown voltage was seen to drop in the vicinity of the critical point under the quite narrow gap of 3 m under a quasi-uniform electric field [8], [9], while in SC-CO2, thisThe manuscript was submitted in March 2016 "This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up (No. 26889048) and by TEPCO Memorial Foundation".T. Furusato, T. Fujishima, and T. Yamashita are with the Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan (t-furusato@nagasaki-u.ac.jp).M. Ota, T. Sakugawa, S. Katsuki and H. Akiyama are with the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, . critical anomaly did not occur under gaps ranging from 80 to 200 m under a non-uniform electric field [10], [11]. Despite these great discrepancies, little attention has been given to the study of pre-breakdown phenomena in SC fluids.No unified pre-breakdown theory in dense medium yet exists due to its complex mechanism, with both the direct impact ionization model and bubble theory independently proposed through many studies [12], [13]. However, recent research has suggested a new pre-breakdown mechanism: ultra-short pulsed voltage in dielectric liquids [14]-[16], which is that nano-sized pores created by the electrostrictive force in the vicinity of the needle tip affects the pre-breakdown mechanism in dielectric liquids with pulse widths ranging from sub-nanosec...

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Initiation mechanism of a positive streamer in pressurized carbon dioxide up to liquid and supercritical phases with nanosecond pulsed voltages

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulation surface: influence of dielectric material

Characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulation surface: influence of dielectric material

Initiation mechanism of negative pulsed discharge in supercritical carbon dioxide

Effect of Voltage Rise Rate on Streamer Branching and Shock Wave Characteristics in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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