Initiating, growing and cracking of hydrogen blisters

Ren, Xuechong; Shan, Guangbin; Wuyang, Chu; Su, Yanjing; Gao, Kewei; Li, Qiao; Bo, Jiang; Chen, Gang; Yin-hui, Cui

doi:10.1360/982004-581

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In general, under lower flow rate conditions (3-6 m/s), the protective layer on the surface reduces the exposure of the underlying metal substrate to corrosive fluid; therefore, less corrosion is observed. Besides, the phenomenon of hydrogen blistering [24,25] appears in the local region of the metallic surface at 5 m/s (Figure 4(d)). It is noteworthy that sulphur deposits on the metal surface at 2 m/s, and the element sulphur will compete and absorb on the steel surface with inhibitor, and destroy the integrity of inhibitor membrane layer, thus deteriorating the corrosion environment and leading to pitting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition

Zhang

Zeng

Zhi

et al. 2018

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The effect of element sulphur on the performance of corrosion inhibitor in H 2 S/CO 2 gas field solution was investigated at different velocities. The morphology and composition of corrosion products were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The results indicated that L360 QS steel surface suffered from sulphur-induced pitting corrosion at a low velocity due to insufficient sulphur-carrying fluid power. At high flow velocities, the steel surface is likely to be suffered high fluid power which can remove the inhibitor film and corrosion scales by the mechanical erosion effect. The sulphur corrosion mechanism model and the flow-induced corrosion model due to the high wall shear force have been proposed in the study. This work suggested that the gas production rate should be controlled at an acceptable level to guarantee the service safety of pipeline system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition

Zhang

Zeng

Zhi

et al. 2018

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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“…Samples of a wheel steel [3] with dimensions of 3×5×10 mm 3 cut from a wheel were charged in a 0.5 mol/L H 2 SO 4 +0.25 g/L As 2 O 3 solution at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm 2 for 100 h. Hydrogen blisters appeared on the specimen surface. Some other wheel steel samples ware charged in H 2 with a pressure of 5 atm at 1000℃…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hydrogen blister, vacancy cluster, nucleation, cracking Hydrogen blister or hydrogen crack appears in many materials in the absence of external stress when the hydrogen concentration is high enough [1][2][3] . The mechanisms of the formation of the blisters or cracks have been discussed widely [4][5][6] .…”

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confidence: 99%

The mechanism of nucleation of hydrogen blister in metals

et al. 2007

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The nucleating, growing and cracking of hydrogen blister have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The results show that atomic hydrogen induces superabundant vacancies in metals. The superabundant vacancies and hydrogen aggregate into a hydrogen-vacancy cluster (microcavity). The hydrogen atoms in the microcavity become hydrogen molecules which can stabilize the cluster. And the hydrogen blister nucleates. With the entry of vacancies and hydrogen atoms, the blister nucleus grows and the pressure in the cavity increases. When the stress induced by hydrogen pressure on the blister is up to the cohesive strength, cracks will initiate from the wall of the blister.hydrogen blister, vacancy cluster, nucleation, cracking Hydrogen blister or hydrogen crack appears in many materials in the absence of external stress when the hydrogen concentration is high enough [1][2][3] . The mechanisms of the formation of the blisters or cracks have been discussed widely [4][5][6] . Most of the mechanisms suggest that hydrogen atoms combine into hydrogen molecules in the interface of second phase and matrix, and the hydrogen molecules produce high hydrogen pressure to induce microcracks. The propagation and connection of the microcracks induce the formation of the hydrogen blisters or hydrogen cracks. Hydrogen atoms cannot combine into hydrogen molecules which induce hydrogen pressure when there is no interspace to accommodate the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atoms can be trapped in pre-existing microvoids or microcracks in a material and become hydrogen molecules. The microvoids or microcracks containing hydrogen molecules become hydrogen blisters (a lacuna full of H 2 in the interior of materials also is called a hydrogen blister in this paper). For some materials with good plasticity and even single crystalline metals, there are neither microvoids nor microcracks in them, but hydrogen blisters or hydrogen cracks can appear if they are charged. How are the lacunas containing H 2 (hydrogen blister) produced?There are abundant supersaturated vacancies in metals quenched from high temperature. The supersaturated vacancies can aggregate into vacancy clusters (microlacuna) and then collapse into dislocation loops or stacking fault tetrahedral [7] . If the supersaturated vacancies can be induced by hydrogen and can aggregate into vacancy clusters to accommodate molecular hydrogen, the hydrogen blisters will be formed during charging. This work is an attempt to confirm this hypothesis through experiments and theoretical analysis. Here a mechanism describing the nucleating, growing and cracking of hydrogen blister in metals is presented.

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“…Some of the H atoms produced by the cathode reaction diffuse into the steel, and the remaining H atoms generate the hydrogen adsorbed on the steel surface. The origin of the H 2 S gas bubbling is as follows: when the hydrogen content is high, many materials will produce hydrogen bubbling or hydrogen-induced cracking in the absence of an external load [12][13][14]. The hydrogen atoms give rise to molecular hydrogen at the interface between the inclusion and the matrix or in a microporous cavity, resulting in high hydrogen pressure and microcracks.…”

Section: Determination Of the Origin Of The Bubbling And The Compositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of stainless steel coated with a ZrO2 film in a hydrogen sulfide gas environment

Zhang

Dorjpalam

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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A zirconia sol was prepared by the sol-gel method and coated on the surface of stainless steel substrates. The gas corrosion test was carried out for the stainless steel substrates and for the coated samples using a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. The coated samples and the substrates were placed in the reaction kettle, and it was filled with the H 2 S gas at the pressures of 0.6, 0.8, and 1 MPa. After standing at room temperature for 24 h, the samples were observed by optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that as the pressure increases, the corrosion of the stainless steel substrates are more severe, while the film samples show only slight pitting corrosion. The experimental results show that in the corrosive H 2 S gas environment, the stainless steel samples coated with the ZrO 2 film can effectively block the H 2 S gas corrosion on the stainless steel substrate and reduce the hydrogen bubbling and hydrogen-induced cracking caused by gas corrosion. This finding has important practical significance for improving the service life of oil pipelines and reducing the occurrence of oil spills and other accidents.

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Initiating, growing and cracking of hydrogen blisters

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition

The mechanism of nucleation of hydrogen blister in metals

Corrosion of stainless steel coated with a ZrO2 film in a hydrogen sulfide gas environment

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Initiating, growing and cracking of hydrogen blisters

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H2S/CO2environment with sulphur deposition

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H2S/CO2environment with sulphur deposition

The mechanism of nucleation of hydrogen blister in metals

Corrosion of stainless steel coated with a ZrO2 film in a hydrogen sulfide gas environment

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Product

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Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition

Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H₂S/CO₂environment with sulphur deposition