Initial Validation of a Relaxed Human Soft Tissue Simulant for Sports Impact Surrogates

Payne, Thomas F.; Mitchell, Séan R.; Bibb, Richard; Waters, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.092

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A well-established protocol was followed while testing the test coupons [10,12,13]. A constant strain rate of 0.4 s -1 and specimen size of 35mm x 10mm x 3mm (after clamping) was selected for all the uniaxial tests based on literature [4,5,14,15]. A very small initial load was applied on each test specimen to remove any slack in the specimen before testing.…”

Section: Fabrication and Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the uniaxial mechanical tests, the stress versus stretch responses of 10 composite compositions with different FWF's are presented in Figure 7. Figure 7 also shows the literature plots on mechanical tests on excised human skin (upper and lower bounds) [4,5,14,15].…”

Section: Composite Mechanical Property At Different Fiber Weight Fracmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a material, skin is a 1-4 mm thick composite system with three layers namely the epidermis (outermost layer), the dermis (middle layer) and hypodermis (inner most layer which transitions into the muscles) [1] (Figure 1). To date, a plethora of material models have been developed to simulate the skin for tissue engineering applications [2], surgical suture simulations [3], and to study its resistance to injuries [4,5] and ballistic impact loads [6][7][8][9]. However, so far, the realistic hyperelastic material behavior of the human skin has never been simulated, which is indispensable for biomechanical testing applications such as estimating the load response of wearable technologies, cosmetic implants and biomechanical study of skin mechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

Chanda¹

2018

Preprint

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Skin is the first point of contact of the human body with the outer environment, and influences the biomechanics of different organ systems in normal and diseased states. Wearable electronics such as fitness tracking equipment, motion sensing devices, and advanced wearables in prosthetics and orthotics are often used to quantify the interaction of the body with the environment during different physical activities, and improve health. These wearable equipment can be bulky and a source of discomfort to the human skin with prolonged wear. To date, very few flexible polymers have been developed which can conduct electricity and be used in wearable devices. In the current work, a novel conductive synthetic skin composite system was developed, which would be indispensable for integration into wearable technologies, and also allow the biomechanical testing of the human skin for different engineering and medical applications. The mechanical behavior of this polymer can be tuned to mimic the human skin from different locations of the body with varying stiffnesses, with a phenomenal degree of accuracy. The composite system is composed of short carbon fibers dispersed in a multi part silicone based matrix material. The volume fraction of the fibers were varied to control the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to generate stress versus strain responses of the synthetic skin composites at different fiber volume fractions, and electrical measurements were recorded at different strains. Microscopy was used to understand composite fiber orientations in unstretched and stretched states, and its effects on the electrical conductivity of the material. Additionally, non-linear material characterization models were developed to characterize the composite variants. To the best of our knowledge, such an accurate synthetic skin composite system with tailorable electrical properties has not been developed; making this state of the art in bio mimicking and functionalization of the human skin.

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Section: Fabrication and Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composite Mechanical Property At Different Fiber Weight Fracmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

Chanda¹

2018

Preprint

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“…Hrysomallis, 2009) due to their durability, consistency of response and comparable material density (approximately 1000kg.m -3 ). A previous study, conducted by Payne et al (2014) illustrated the benefits of a bespoke relaxed muscle tissue simulant when compared to Dow Corning Silastic 3481 single material simulant. The study showed the simulant produced a more biofidelic response under sports specific impact conditions in a simple puck geometry when using quasi-static material data to populate the material models.…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study conducted by Payne et al (2014) illustrated the benefits of the relaxed muscle tissue simulant when compared to Silastic 3481 when using quasi-static material properties. Further comparison is made in Figure 8 between the compressive stress-strain response of organic tissues (at quasi-static and intermediate strain rates) and Silastic 3481.…”

Section: Dynamic Response Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel synthetic muscle tissues for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Impact injuries are commonplace in sport and often lead to performance detriment and debilitation. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is prescribed as a mandatory requirement in most sports where these impacts are likely to occur, though the methods of governance and evaluation criteria often do not accurately represent sports specific injury scenarios. One of the key shortcomings of such safety test standards is the human surrogate to which the PPE is affixed; this typically embodies unrepresentative geometries, masses, stiffness and levels of constraint when compared to humans.A key aspect of any human surrogate element is the simulant material used. Most previous sports specific surrogates tend to use off-the-shelf silicone blends to represent all the soft tissue structures within the human limb segment or organ; this approach potentially neglects important human response phenomena caused by the different tissue structures.This study presents an investigation into the use of bespoke additive cure Polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) silicone blends to match the reported mechanical properties of human relaxed and contracted skeletal muscle tissues. The silicone simulants have been tested in uniaxial compression through a range of strain rates and fit with a range of constitutive hyperelastic models (Mooney Rivlin, Ogden and Neo Hookean) and a viscoelastic Prony series.

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Biomechanical Modelling of Hierarchical Metamaterials for Skin Grafting

Gupta,

Chanda

2023

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials

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Initial Validation of a Relaxed Human Soft Tissue Simulant for Sports Impact Surrogates

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

Development of novel synthetic muscle tissues for sports impact surrogates

Biomechanical Modelling of Hierarchical Metamaterials for Skin Grafting

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