Initial Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Active Inhibition Scale Among Traumatized and Grieving Youth

Dodd, Cody G.; Hill, Ryan M.; Alvis, Lauren; Rooney, Evan Edward; Layne, Christopher; Logsdon, Tami; Sandler, Irwin N.; Kaplow, Julie B.

doi:10.1002/jts.22529

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The study found that child reports of their caregivers' avoidance and inhibition of grief discussions were related to higher levels of all three domains of maladaptive grief (i.e., separation distress, existential identity distress, and circumstances-related distress). The authors interpret the relation between inhibition/avoidance and higher levels of children's grief distress as possibly being due to caregiver avoidance increasing children's own inhibition of grief related emotion, which has previously been found to be associated with higher levels of child maladaptive grief, posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms (Dodd et al, 2020). There was also an unexpected relation between encouraging an ongoing connection with the deceased and higher levels of child maladaptive grief.…”

Section: Relations Of Domains Of Parenting To Children's Griefmentioning

confidence: 66%

Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents: Caregivers as Key Grief Facilitators

Alvis¹,

Zhang

Sandler

et al. 2022

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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The death of a loved one represents one of the most distressing and potentially traumatic life events in childhood and adolescence. Grief reactions in youth are influenced by ongoing developmental processes and manifest differently depending on the child's age and developmental stage. These grief-related processes unfold within youths' caregiving context, as children and adolescents rely heavily on the adults in their environment to navigate and cope with the death of a loved one. Despite the field's increasing recognition of the potential for maladaptive grief reactions to impede functioning over time, few longitudinal research studies on childhood grief currently exist. In this article, we will (a) provide a brief overview of the childhood bereavement literature; (b) review the new DSM-5 and ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder diagnostic criteria through a developmentally-informed lens; (c) describe how grief reactions manifest in children and adolescents of different ages through the lenses of multidimensional grief theory and relational developmental systems theory; (d) highlight key moderating factors that may influence grief in youth, and (e) discuss a primary moderating factor, the caregiving environment, and the potential mechanisms through which caregivers influence children's grief.

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Section: Relations Of Domains Of Parenting To Children's Griefmentioning

confidence: 66%

Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents: Caregivers as Key Grief Facilitators

Alvis¹,

Zhang

Sandler

et al. 2022

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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“…The PCBD checklist (Kaplow et al, 2018; Layne et al, 2014), used in four included studies (Dodd et al, 2020; Hill et al, 2019; Hill, Oosterhoff, et al, 2019; Kaplow et al, 2018), is a 39-item self-report measure of grief in children to evaluate symptoms of the PCBD DSM-5 proposed diagnosis. Respondents are asked to indicate the frequency they experience each symptom (e.g., “I feel all alone since ___ died”; “I stay away from things that remind me that ___ died”; “I think about how things could have been different, so that __ wouldn’t have died”) on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ( not at all ) to 4 ( all the time ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Tools for Children who Experience Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review

Ennis

Pastrana

Moreland

et al. 2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Children who experience the traumatic (i.e., violent and/or unexpected) death of a loved one are at risk for a range of adverse developmental and mental health problems, including pathological processes of grief. Over the last decades, conceptualizations of maladaptive grief have varied, resulting in a range of assessment tools and no “gold standard” measure to assess symptoms of prolonged grief in children. The current paper is a systematic review of studies that measured grief in children who experienced traumatic loss in order to determine the measures currently used in the literature with children who experience traumatic loss. Searches were conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in PUBMED, PsycINFO, and OVID and through hand searches of relevant reference lists. Two authors reviewed each study yielded by searches and conducted data extraction on included studies. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, included a measure of grief, and consisted of samples of children (age 18 and younger) whereby at least a portion experienced traumatic loss. Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, from which 17 measures were identified. The most commonly used measure was the Inventory of Complicated Grief ( n = 10 studies) followed by the Extended Grief Inventory ( n = 6). Most studies used different measures and variations of the same measures to assess similar constructs. All but one measure relied on child self-report. More standardization of measurement across studies is needed, along with parent and/or teacher reported measures.

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“…The Cronbach's αs were .89 at both time points. Research has shown evidence supporting the reliability and validity of this scale (Dodd et al, 2020).…”

Section: Posttest Mediatormentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Emotion suppression was measured at baseline and the 6 years follow-up using the Active Inhibition Scale (Ayers et al, 1998;Dodd et al, 2020) which was developed for the FBP project. This 10-item scale asks about respondents' conscious effort to avoid revealing emotions to another (e.g., "You've tried to hide any bad feelings that you've had").…”

Section: Posttest Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth through promoting effective parenting: testing a developmental cascade model

et al. 2021

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Children who experience parental death are at increased risk for suicide. The Family Bereavement Program (FBP) is an upstream preventive intervention for parentally bereaved families that was found to reduce suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth up to 6 and 15 years later. We tested whether FBP-induced improvements in effective parenting led to changes in multiple proximal factors that prior theory and research implicated in the cascading pathway to suicide risk, namely, aversive self-views, caregiver connectedness, peer connectedness, complicated grief, depressive symptoms, and emotion suppression. The sample was 244 bereaved youth and their surviving caregiver from 156 families. Families were randomized into the FBP (12 group-based sessions for parents, youth, and two joint sessions) or a literature control condition. Multimethod and multiinformant data were collected at baseline, posttest, 6-year and 15-year follow-up assessments. Results showed that program-induced improvements in effective parenting at posttest were associated with reduced aversive self-views and increased caregiver connectedness at the 6-year follow-up, and each mediator was in turn associated with reduced suicide risk at the 6- and 15-year follow-up. The mediated pathways via aversive self-views remained significant while controlling for caregiver connectedness. Self-related concepts may be important targets in upstream suicide prevention for at-risk youth.

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Initial Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Active Inhibition Scale Among Traumatized and Grieving Youth

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents: Caregivers as Key Grief Facilitators

Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents: Caregivers as Key Grief Facilitators

Assessment Tools for Children who Experience Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review

Reducing suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth through promoting effective parenting: testing a developmental cascade model

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