The past six years have seen a major change in initial teacher training (ITT) in the UK through the introduction of national competences, later developed as standards, which govern the arrangements for teaching and assessing on all programmes leading to the award of qualified teacher status. This article takes as its focus the value to be placed on a competencebased approach to ITT in the context of a programme which gives emphasis also to reflection on practice. The issues are first explored in a general way, and then examined through a case study of one higher education institution ITT programme.Much has been written concerning differing concepts of competence and their implications for assessment, but less has been said on how to use competence frameworks to aid learning and development. In this article we argue that an understanding of this is critically important for those developing and teaching competence-based programmes. Hodkinson (1992) addresses this very point, suggesting an interactive view of competence in which any occupational role is open to multiple definitions, allowing competence statements to be used in a learning situation as a basis for debate concerning the goals towards which the learners are aspiring. We explore this issue by focusing on the value of a competence-based approach to initial teacher training (ITT) in the context of a programme which gives emphasis also to reflection on practice. To begin with the issues are explored in a general way, and then examined through a case study of one higher education institution ITT programme.Ì Helen Burchell is Principal Lecturer in the Department of Education, University of Hertfordshire and Susan Westmoreland is Senior Lecturer in the same Department.