Initial Synchronization Exploiting Inherent Diversity for the LTE Sector Search Process

Lin, Jia-Chin; Sun, Yuting; Poor, H. Vincent

doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2485262

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Choosing the precise set of window of samples that has to be fed to DFT would be ambiguous because few of the OFDM symbols have L CP of 160 instead of 144. The DC algorithm presented in [11] estimated timing using autocorrelation of PSS present twice in a frame and tried to exploit the diversity by the neighboring sectors. The diversity is exploited from the multiple neighbor sectors having the same SID.…”

Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous works like [10] and [11] and others have not generalized the case for different CP lengths and TDD/FDD modes. The algorithms including [9] and [12] were also built on the assumption of known L CP .…”

Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the DC method on different channel conditions and compared with module I. The DC algorithm presented in [11] tries to estimate the timing using the two PSS sequences present in a frame. It follows the differential correlation of the received frequency domain signal with the PSS sequences for SID detection.…”

Section: Sid and Timing Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A complete cell search and synchronization in LTE

Sriharsha

Dama

Kuchi

2017

J Wireless Com Network

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The initial process of identifying any available base station (BS) by a user equipment (UE) that wants to communicate is termed as cell search. To ensure a reliable communication, any UE has to be synchronized with the BS both in time and frequency domains. Cell search process is said to be complete once cell ID associated with long-term evolution (LTE) BS is decoded successfully. This paper presents a series of cell search and synchronization algorithms, which efficiently estimated time and frequency offsets as well as cell ID. The synchronization signals present in LTE, namely, primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal, that carry cell ID are critically exploited in the algorithms. The aforementioned algorithms are classified into two modules, namely, module I and module II, based on their computation complexity. In module I, a cyclic prefix (CP)-based maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is employed to obtain a coarse estimate of time and fractional frequency offset; however, the estimates are refined using synchronization signals. A joint estimation of timing, integer frequency offset (IFO), and PSS ID (sector ID) is carried out in module II. Both the modules operate on the cross-correlation approach of PSS with the received signal for obtaining timing and sector ID. IFO as a part of module II is detected from a finite hypotheses set using synchronization signals. Extensive simulations are carried out on a time-varying frequency-selective channel to analyze the performance of the algorithms.

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Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A complete cell search and synchronization in LTE

Sriharsha

Dama

Kuchi

2017

J Wireless Com Network

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“…There exist some studies focusing on the PSS detection [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Some of these methods perform in the time domain [13,14], while the others use frequency-domain samples obtained from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) unit [15][16][17][18]. In [14], the PSS detection method was proposed to be performed by finding the maximum of the cross-correlation in the time domain, wherein the integer carrier frequency offset (IFO) degrades the accuracy of detecting the PSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the IFO, it can be detected in a joint or sequential way. The works in [15,16] estimate the IFO jointly during the PSS-matching process, which is accomplished performing the frequency-domain shift of the received PSS. Although the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator can achieve optimal performance in detecting the IFO [17], the complexity in realizing the ML solution is prohibitively high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computationally Efficient Joint Cell Search and Frequency Synchronization Scheme for LTE Machine-Type Communications

2019

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The key features for future machine-type communication cellular systems facilitate low-power, low-cost, narrow-band, and wide-area systems. One of the challenging tasks to realize these requirements in machine-type communication cellular networks is a low-cost initial synchronization. To address this issue, this paper presents a reduced-complexity joint estimation of integer carrier frequency offset and cell identity for machine-type communication in the long-term evolution system. Using the conjugate property of a primary synchronization signal, joint search space of a number of hypotheses is reduced by two-thirds, facilitating low-complexity detection. The performance is assessed in terms of theoretical probability of detection failure. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimation scheme achieves approximately the same performance as the conventional scheme with notably low complexity.

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Timing‐deviation and frequency‐offset estimations for multicarrier transmission in high mobility environments using deep neural network

Wu,

Geng,

Chen

et al. 2023

Int J Communication

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SummaryThe multicarrier technology used in fourth‐generation (4G) and fifth‐generation (5G) communications is quite susceptible to multipath fading and Doppler frequency shift, which is more prominent in high mobility environments. Therefore, the accuracy of timing and frequency synchronization impacts the overall system performance significantly. Existing synchronization methods rely on the correlation of the preamble sequences and are, hence, vulnerable to severe multipath effect and Doppler effect. In this article, we propose a novel scheme leveraging deep neural network (DNN) to achieve high‐precision synchronization in high mobility environments. Concretely, a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed to extract the hidden features of received signals for timing deviation estimation. In the following, a fully connected (FC) model is demonstrated to classify the optimal carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimate from several CFO candidates. The proposed synchronization scheme is assessed under extended vehicular A (EVA) channel with various Doppler frequency shifts. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed DNN‐based scheme achieves a significant performance gain over the conventional correlation methods, and the proposed timing deviation estimation scheme exhibits an excellent complexity reduction; wherefore, it is extremely promising for multicarrier transmission systems in high mobility environments.

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Initial Synchronization Exploiting Inherent Diversity for the LTE Sector Search Process

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

A complete cell search and synchronization in LTE

A complete cell search and synchronization in LTE

A Computationally Efficient Joint Cell Search and Frequency Synchronization Scheme for LTE Machine-Type Communications

Timing‐deviation and frequency‐offset estimations for multicarrier transmission in high mobility environments using deep neural network

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