Initial second-line drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Sudanese retreatment-patients

Abstract

SettingMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are a major public health threat.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine resistance patterns to second line anti-TB drugs (SLDs), and to determine the frequency of extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (XDR-TB).DesignDuring the period from July 2009 to July 2010; sputum specimens were collected from TB retreatment patients; isolates were tested for sensitivity to first line anti-TB drugs by the 1% proportion method; MDR strains were tested for second line anti-TB drugs sensitivity by 1% proportion method and by version 1. Hain GenoType MTBDRsl Assay.ResultsOne hundred and forty three mycobacterial isolates were successfully recovered from a total of 239 specimens (143/239; 59.8%). Fifty six strains were rifampicin resistant (RR); of these 54 were multi-drug resistant (MDR); two were RIF/INH-resistant mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT). Five of MDR (5/50; 10%) showed resistance to at least one second line drug and one isolate (1/50; 2%) was XDR. The XDR strain was concordantly detected by the two methods.ConclusionInitial resistance to second line anti-TB drugs among MDR-TB patients is at 10% levels and XDR-TB is prevalent at low levels (2%). Nevertheless; without great efforts from national tuberculosis control program (NTP) this figure can fuel the TB epidemics in Sudan.

Association ofNRAMP1-INT4 gene with Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in the Sudanese Population: A Case-Control Study

“…In this study, TB infection was more detected among males. Similar observation was noticed in other previous studies conducted on Sudanese population shown increased rate of TB infection among males (17, 18, 47, 48) . The mean age of our patients is 32.7-year-old, many studies conducted in Sudan have reported the same results (18, 48, 49) .…”

“…Similar observation was noticed in other previous studies conducted on Sudanese population shown increased rate of TB infection among males (17, 18, 47, 48) . The mean age of our patients is 32.7-year-old, many studies conducted in Sudan have reported the same results (18, 48, 49) . However, these averages are considered lower when compared to the average mean above 50 which was noticed by other studies in the same area (50, 51) .…”

“…There were several National referral centers for tuberculosis diagnosis and management in Sudan. Abu Anja Specialized TB hospital is one of those centers located in Omdurman, Khartoum state (18) . The diagnostic methods in most of TB centers depends on X-ray imaging, staining by Ziehl-Neelsen Stain and molecular technique of GeneXpert which have been available in 13 states laboratories.…”

Assessment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment outcomes in Sudan; findings and implications

“…The prescribing of SLDs began for MDR-TB patients in Sudan in 2008, where the program was adopted for presumptive diagnosis and empirical treatment of such cases. The Green Light Committee (GLC) Initiative Document was signed in 2010 to control MDR-TB by affording access to high-quality SLDs [23]. In Sudan, the treatment of MDR-TB patients is provided at Abu-Anga hospital, Khartoum, for at least 18 months.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized 4-Aminosalicylic Acid–Sulfamethazine Cocrystals

“…Many of these antibiotics were developed decades ago and suffer from toxic side effects, administration difficulty, and poor activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 6 ]. It is recommended that MDR-TB be managed with at least four effective antibiotics for 18 to 24 months [ 11 , 17 ]. Meanwhile, trials are set to find shorter and less debilitating regimens for MDR-TB [ 14 , 18 ].…”