Initial Rhodonia placenta Gene Expression in Acetylated Wood: Group-Wise Upregulation of Non-Enzymatic Oxidative Wood Degradation Genes Depending on the Treatment Level

Kölle, Martina; Ringman, Rebecka; Pilgård, Annica

doi:10.3390/f10121117

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Gene expression studies on preservative-treated (e.g. Kang et al 2009a , b ; Tang et al 2013 ) and preservative-modified wood are still relatively limited (Alfredsen and Pilgård 2014 ; Ringman et al 2014 , 2015 ; Alfredsen et al 2016a , b ; Beck et al 2018b ; Skrede et al 2019 ; Kölle et al 2019 ). To the best knowledge of the authors, no experiments have been done on gene expression where the focus was to study the effect of different moisture levels.…”

Section: Quantification Of Fungal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important aspects that should be given more attention in future gene expression studies of wood-decomposing fungi are: (1) specimen design and harvest intervals (Zhang et al 2016 ; Kölle et al 2019 ), (2) substrate/culture conditions (Wu et al 2018 ; 2019 ), (3) relevant comparison between treatments, (4) how to handle reference genes for accurate normalization (Zhang et al 2019b ) and (5) in situ mRNA hybridization rather than bulk sampling (Zhang et al 2019a ). It is worth to keep in mind that according to Vogel and Marcotte ( 2012 ) ∼ 60% of variation in protein concentration cannot be explained by measuring mRNAs alone.…”

Section: Quantification Of Fungal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay

Brischke¹,

Alfredsen

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Wood in service is sequestering carbon, but it is principally prone to deterioration where different fungi metabolize wood, and carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere. A key prerequisite for fungal degradation of wood is the presence of moisture. Conversely, keeping wood dry is the most effective way to protect wood from wood degradation and for long-term binding of carbon. Wood is porous and hygroscopic; it can take up water in liquid and gaseous form, and water is released from wood through evaporation following a given water vapour pressure gradient. During the last decades, the perception of wood-water relationships changed significantly and so did the view on moisture-affected properties of wood. Among the latter is its susceptibility to fungal decay. This paper reviews findings related to wood-water relationships and their role for fungal wood decomposition. These are complex interrelationships not yet fully understood, and current knowledge gaps are therefore identified. Studies with chemically and thermally modified wood are included as examples of fungal wood substrates with altered moisture properties. Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water – especially in the over-hygroscopic range – is considered crucial for determining minimum moisture thresholds (MMThr) of wood-decay fungi. The limitations of the various methods and experimental set-ups to investigate wood-water relationships and their role for fungal decay are manifold. Hence, combining techniques from wood science, mycology, biotechnology and advanced analytics is expected to provide new insights and eventually a breakthrough in understanding the intricate balance between fungal decay and wood-water relations. Key points • Susceptibility to wood-decay fungi is closely linked to their physiological needs. • Content, state and distribution of moisture in wood are keys for fungal activity. • Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water in wood is needed. • New methodological approaches are expected to provide new insights

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Section: Quantification Of Fungal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantification Of Fungal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay

Brischke¹,

Alfredsen

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Investigations of the secretome seemed to confirm these trends (Presley et al, 2018). Findings by us and others (Ringman et al, 2014;Alfredsen et al, 2016a,b;Ringman et al, 2016;Pilgård et al, 2017;Kölle et al, 2019;Ringman et al, 2020), also imply that there might be additional mechanisms in the regulation of the non-enzymatic degradation beyond the cellobiose switch (Zhang and Schilling, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Degradative Capacity of Two Strains of Rhodonia placenta: From Phenotype to Genotype

et al. 2020

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Brown rot fungi, such as Rhodonia placenta (previously Postia placenta), occur naturally in northern coniferous forest ecosystems and are known to be the most destructive group of decay fungi, degrading wood faster and more effectively than other wooddegrading organisms. It has been shown that brown rot fungi not only rely on enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose, but also use low molecular weight oxidative agents in a non-enzymatic degradation step prior to the enzymatic degradation. R. placenta is used in standardized decay tests in both Europe and North America. However, two different strains are employed (FPRL280 and MAD-698, respectively) for which differences in colonization-rate, mass loss, as well as in gene expression have been observed, limiting the comparability of results. To elucidate the divergence between both strains, we investigated the phenotypes in more detail and compared their genomes. Significant phenotypic differences were found between the two strains, and no fusion was possible. MAD-698 degraded scots pine more aggressively, had a more constant growth rate and produced mycelia faster than FPRL280. After sequencing the genome of FPRL280 and comparing it with the published MAD-698 genome we found 660,566 SNPs, resulting in 98.4% genome identity. Specific analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzymes, encoded by the genome (CAZome) identified differences in many families related to plant biomass degradation, including SNPs, indels, gaps or insertions within structural domains. Four genes belonging to the AA3_2 family could not be found in or amplified from FPRL280 gDNA, suggesting the absence of these genes. Differences in other CAZy encoding genes that could potentially affect the lignocellulolytic activity of the strains were also predicted by comparison of genome assemblies (e.g., GH2, GH3, GH5, GH10, GH16, GH78, GT2, GT15, and CBM13). Overall, these mutations help to explain the phenotypic differences observed between both strains as they could interfere with the enzymatic activities, substrate binding ability or protein folding. The investigation of the molecular reasons that make these two strains distinct contributes to the understanding of the development of this important brown rot reference species and will help to put the data obtained from standardized decay tests across the globe into a better biological context.

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“…Wood acetylation led to differential expression of several hundred genes in each degradation stage and in all three fungi (Figures 1B,C) indicating that the fungi are clearly reacting to the modification on a genome-wide scale. Previously, a group-wise upregulation of four oxidative genes [glucose oxidase (GOx2, CAZy family AA5), copper radical oxidase (Cro1, CAZy family AA3), alcohol oxidase 2 and 3 (AlOx2, AlOx3; CAZy family AA3)] was shown (Kölle et al, 2019). All corresponding proteins are putatively involved in the extracellular H 2 O 2 production.…”

Section: Wood Acetylation Leads To Genome-wide Expression Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics During Brown Rot Decay in Three Fungi Reveals Strain-Specific Degradative Strategies and Responses to Wood Acetylation

Kölle

Horta

Benz

et al. 2021

Front. Fungal Biol.

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Brown rot fungi degrade wood in a two-step process in which enzymatic hydrolysis is preceded by an oxidative degradation phase. While a detailed understanding of the molecular processes during brown rot decay is mandatory for being able to better protect wooden products from this type of degradation, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This is particularly true for wood that has been treated to increase its resistance against rot. In the present study, the two degradation phases were separated to study the impact of wood acetylation on the behavior of three brown rot fungi commonly used in wood durability testing. Transcriptomic data from two strains of Rhodonia placenta (FPRL280 and MAD-698) and Gloeophyllum trabeum were recorded to elucidate differences between the respective decay strategies. Clear differences were found between the two decay stages in all fungi. Moreover, strategies varied not only between species but also between the two strains of the same species. The responses to wood acetylation showed that decay is generally delayed and that parts of the process are attenuated. By hierarchical clustering, we could localize several transcription factors within gene clusters that were heavily affected by acetylation, especially in G. trabeum. The results suggest that regulatory circuits evolve rapidly and are probably the major cause behind the different decay strategies as observed even between the two strains of R. placenta. Identifying key genes in these processes can help in decay detection and identification of the fungi by biomarker selection, and also be informative for other fields, such as fiber modification by biocatalysts and the generation of biochemical platform chemicals for biorefinery applications.

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Initial Rhodonia placenta Gene Expression in Acetylated Wood: Group-Wise Upregulation of Non-Enzymatic Oxidative Wood Degradation Genes Depending on the Treatment Level

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay

Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay

Degradative Capacity of Two Strains of Rhodonia placenta: From Phenotype to Genotype

Comparative Transcriptomics During Brown Rot Decay in Three Fungi Reveals Strain-Specific Degradative Strategies and Responses to Wood Acetylation

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