Initial Results of the Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer (GeoSTAR) Demonstrator Instrument

Tanner, Alan; Wilson, William J.; Lambrigsten, B.H.; Dinardo, S.; Brown, Shannon; Kangaslahti, Pekka; Gaier, T.; Ruf, Christopher S.; Gross, S.M.; Lim, Boon; Musko, S.; Rogacki, S.; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2007.894060

Cited by 130 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…NEΔV refers to the additive zero-mean Gaussian noise that is present in each measurement of visibility. The standard deviation of that noise, σ NEΔV , is given for the GeoSTAR system [4] by…”

Section: A Neδvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weighting of the element antenna pattern is 1.7 at nadir and increases off nadir for traditional antenna patterns [27]. If we require a nadir pixel σ T (0,0) of 0.85 K and assume that N = 60, 600 visibility measurements are required (resulting from 100 elements per arm) [4], the required σ NEΔV is 1.44 mK. If this value for σ NEΔV is inserted into (1), the corresponding integration time is τ = 250 s. This is the minimum refresh time required to produce images of T B with 0.85-K precision.…”

Section: B Retrieved-image Pixel Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retrieved image from the synthetic aperture is generated assuming that the elemental antenna patterns are known and identical and follow the shape of the parabolic Potter horn [4]. The synthetic aperture with a taper has a triangular apodization applied, where the taper is a function of a single radial variable [30].…”

Section: A Comparison To An Ideal Real Aperture Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interferometric imagers use highly thinned arrays of very small antennas to eliminate the need for a single large antenna, and their beam is scanned in software, negating the need for mechanical aperture scanning [1], [2]. The Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer (GeoSTAR) is such a system that is currently under development [3], [4]. GeoSTAR directly measures the spatial-frequency components of the brightness temperature (T B ) distribution, which are referred to as visibilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operating at 50 and 183 GHz, GeoSTAR will provide temperature and water vapor soundings at significantly higher temporal resolution than is currently available from LEO [3], [4]. The instrument is designed to provide nadir resolution of 50 km (50 GHz) and 25 km (183 GHz) with new images generated approximately every 15 min.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High-Resolution Full-Earth Disk Model for Evaluating Synthetic Aperture Passive Microwave Observations From GEO

Lim

Ruf

2009

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-A proposed instrument for deployment on nextgeneration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) platforms is the Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer (GeoSTAR). A high-resolution full-Earth disk model has been developed to aid in the design of the instrument and to characterize sensor performance. A number of ancillary geophysical data fields are used as inputs into a radiativetransfer model that also accounts for the propagation and viewing geometries from a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO). The model produces high-resolution (10 km × 10 km) simulated full-Earth disk microwave images from GEO. The model is used as a tool to examine several critical aspects of GeoSTAR performance and design. Differential image processing is assessed as a means of mitigating the effects of the Gibbs phenomenon; its performance is found to be excellent, even with nonideal a priori information. The spatial resolution and precision of images generated at 50 GHz are evaluated. The magnitude of the highest spatial-frequency components sampled by GeoSTAR is found to be well above its minimum detectable signal. However, the differential image processing removes most of the high-frequency content, which is due to static high-contrast boundaries in the scene. Most of the residual high-frequency content lies at or below the instrument noise floor.Index Terms-Microwave radiometry, remote sensing, synthetic aperture imaging.

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Section: A Neδvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Retrieved-image Pixel Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison To An Ideal Real Aperture Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High-Resolution Full-Earth Disk Model for Evaluating Synthetic Aperture Passive Microwave Observations From GEO

Lim

Ruf

2009

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Information content on temperature and water vapour from a hyper‐spectral microwave sensor

Mahfouf

Birman

Aires

et al. 2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This study examines the information content on atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles that could be provided by a future spaceborne microwave sensor with a few hundred radiances in the millimetre and submillimetre spectral domains (ranging from 7–800 GHz). A channel selection method based on optimal estimation theory is undertaken, using a database of profiles with associated errors from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) numerical weather prediction model and the radiative transfer model Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) under clear‐sky conditions. The main results indicate that, by increasing the number of channels within the oxygen absorption band around 60 GHz and within the water‐vapour absorption band at 183 GHz, the accuracy of temperature and humidity retrievals in the troposphere and stratosphere (for temperature) would be noticeably improved compared with present and planned microwave radiometers. The channels located in the absorption lines at 118 GHz and above 200 GHz do not bring significant additional information regarding atmospheric profiles under clear‐sky conditions, partly due to greater radiometric noise. With a set of 137 selected channels that contribute to 90% of the total information content (measured by the degree of freedom for signal), it is possible to achieve almost the same performance in terms of variance error reduction as with 276 candidate channels. Sensitivity studies of various prescribed quantities defining the channel selection have been undertaken, in order to check the robustness of the conclusions. They show that none of the choices modifies the above findings.

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The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission

Kidd

Takayabu

Skofronick-Jackson³

et al. 2020

Advances in Global Change Research

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Initial Results of the Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer (GeoSTAR) Demonstrator Instrument

Cited by 130 publications

References 9 publications

A High-Resolution Full-Earth Disk Model for Evaluating Synthetic Aperture Passive Microwave Observations From GEO

A High-Resolution Full-Earth Disk Model for Evaluating Synthetic Aperture Passive Microwave Observations From GEO

Information content on temperature and water vapour from a hyper‐spectral microwave sensor

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission

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