Initial Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning with Triple-Frequency Observations from BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation of the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of a combined solution from BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. To simultaneously process different BDS signal observations, i.e., B1/B1C, B2/B2a and B3C, undifferenced and uncombined observations with ionosphere delay constrained by the deterministic plus stochastic ionosphere model are used in the basic model. Special attention is paid to code bias and receiver clock parameters in the derivation of the observation model. The analysis is carried out using more than one-month data for BDS-2 and BDS-3 collected at the CANB, DWIN, KNDY and PETH stations in the Asia-Pacific region. The results suggest that compared with BDS-2 alone, the BDS-2 and BDS-3 solution provides significantly more accurate PPP, with increases of 28%, 21% and 5% in the up, north and east directions, respectively. In addition, the average root mean square error decreases to 0·21, 0·13 and 0·16 m for the three directions. Furthermore, the PPP convergence time for BDS-2 and BDS-3 is about 1·5 h and less than 1 h for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively, whereas that for BDS-2 alone is about 2·3 h for both directions.

A Novel Ionospheric Disturbance Index to Evaluate the Global Effect on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal Caused by the Moderate Geomagnetic Storm on May 12, 2021

“…In the solving process, we only used the BDS observations to perform PPP calculation. Its solution strategy adopts the PPP kinematic positioning model, which eliminates the influence of the ionospheric first-order term through the dual-frequency ionosphere-free combination; the PPP solution is performed after modeling and correcting for the errors related to the troposphere, phase wind-up, and antenna phase center deviation, and the positioning accuracy can reach the centimeter level, or even millimeter level [ 47 , 48 ]. The signal bands used in the single station PPP solution are the same as the bands used in the single station PAS calculation.…”

Performance Assessment of Positioning Based on Multi-Frequency Multi-GNSS Observations: Signal Quality, PPP and Baseline Solution

“…By comparing the PPP results of BDS-2+3 and GPS-only, it can be seen that the convergence speed of BDS-2+3 is slower than that of GPS-only. The reason is that the accuracy of BDS satellite orbits is worse than that of GPS-only [49,50]. In addition, the geometry of BDS constellation is slightly worse than GPS except for Asia Pacific Region.…”

Performance Evaluation of Real-Time Precise Point Positioning with Both BDS-3 and BDS-2 Observations

“…In addition, continuous positioning became feasible for the stations located in Germany and North/South America after introducing the BDS-3 measurements into BDS-2 PPP processing. Zhang et al [ 25 ] proposed a BDS-3/BDS-2 triple-frequency uncombined PPP model, in which the stochastic plus deterministic ionosphere model was used to constrain the estimated ionosphere delays. To indicate the potential of BDS-3 and BDS-2 integration, they also compared the BDS-3/BDS-2 PPP solutions with the standalone BDS-2 PPP solutions.…”