Abstract:The present work investigates the effect of the initial microstructure on phase transformation after intercritical annealing by measuring the amount of austenite, which was obtained by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetisation. Pieces of 8 Mn steel were austenitised at 1100°C for 1 h followed by different cooling rates: water, air, and furnace. Samples of each piece were subsequently intercritically annealed from 600 to 800°C followed by air cooling. The microstructure was characterised using scanning ele… Show more
“…At the same time, irregular grain orientations are observed at a higher scanning speed of 500 mm min −1 . This may be followed because of improper cooling as higher scanning speed [22,23]. Figure 4 FESEM micrograph of cross-section and intersection zone of the clad (a,d) sample S1 (b,e) sample S2 (b,e) sample S3 (c,f).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the same time, irregular grain orientations are observed at a higher scanning speed of 500 mm min −1 . This may be followed because of improper cooling as higher scanning speed [22,23].…”
The Ti6Al4V is widely used in harsh working conditions where wear and tear are the common phenomena. In order to enhance its performance and life, the laser cladding took place using Ti6Al4V:WS 2 : Ni as the reinforcement material. The influence of scanning speed on mechanical and tribological properties like hardness, wear resistance, and microstructure of the cladding parts is discussed. The dendritic, white, and grey phased fine microstructures are observed. The micro-hardness of the clad is increased up to four times (∼1170 HV 0.5 ) of the substrate material due to the formation of a hard Ni-Ti phase. The wear resistance of the clad is exhibited two times higher than that of the substrate. Also, the coefficient of friction is reduced to 0.25 as the adhesion wear mechanism becomes predominant over the abrasion.
“…At the same time, irregular grain orientations are observed at a higher scanning speed of 500 mm min −1 . This may be followed because of improper cooling as higher scanning speed [22,23]. Figure 4 FESEM micrograph of cross-section and intersection zone of the clad (a,d) sample S1 (b,e) sample S2 (b,e) sample S3 (c,f).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the same time, irregular grain orientations are observed at a higher scanning speed of 500 mm min −1 . This may be followed because of improper cooling as higher scanning speed [22,23].…”
The Ti6Al4V is widely used in harsh working conditions where wear and tear are the common phenomena. In order to enhance its performance and life, the laser cladding took place using Ti6Al4V:WS 2 : Ni as the reinforcement material. The influence of scanning speed on mechanical and tribological properties like hardness, wear resistance, and microstructure of the cladding parts is discussed. The dendritic, white, and grey phased fine microstructures are observed. The micro-hardness of the clad is increased up to four times (∼1170 HV 0.5 ) of the substrate material due to the formation of a hard Ni-Ti phase. The wear resistance of the clad is exhibited two times higher than that of the substrate. Also, the coefficient of friction is reduced to 0.25 as the adhesion wear mechanism becomes predominant over the abrasion.
“…This is because of repeated fracturing and work hardening process due to MA. The presence of austenitic stabilisers like Mn and Ni also enhanced the formation of solid solution with the FCC structure [29]. Austenitic (γ) phase was formed as milling took place for 20 h and availability of Ni in the composition.…”
Two different alloys were developed from the mixtures of pre-alloyed powders consisting of ferroalloys to get the required composition of austenitic stainless steel via the powder metallurgy technique along with the presence and absence of Y2O3. The subsequent mechanical alloyed powders were subject to vacuum hot pressing at 1200°C. The samples were subject to microstructural characterisation post-vacuum hot pressing process. With the addition of yttria, the structure of the grains was fine for the mechanical alloyed vacuum hot pressed samples. The TEM analysis revealed the presence of heterogeneous distribution of yttria particles along the grain boundaries. With the addition of yttria within the metal matrix, the hot pressed density was increased marginally.
“…These regions of austenite that have more than a certain amount of carbon (0.05 %) will quench into martensite and the rest will revert into ferrite, leaving retained ferrite along with martensite in the final microstructure [42]. Later works also highlighted that homogenisation of carbon in austenite has a major impact on the appearance of retained ferrite [43][44][45][46][47].…”
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