Initial level and rate of change in grip strength predict all-cause mortality in very old adults

Granic, Antoneta; Davies, Karen; Jagger, Carol; Dodds, Richard; Kirkwood, Thomas B. L.; Sayer, Avan A.

doi:10.1093/ageing/afx087

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Comparable changes in grip strength and TUG have been associated with lower mortality risk in older populations. Specifically, a 33% increased risk of mortality was observed for every kilogram per year decline in grip strength, while a 1 s increase in TUG was associated with an 8% increase in mortality over 3 years . Therefore, this association between vegetable‐derived nitrate intake and muscle function could be a novel method to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate intake is associated with muscle function in older women

Sim

Lewis

Blekkenhorst

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background In younger individuals, dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to improve short‐term vascular and muscle function. The role of higher habitual nitrate intake as part of a typical diet on muscle function in ageing has not been investigated. A cross‐sectional study of relationships between dietary nitrate and measures of muscle function in older community‐dwelling Australian women ( n = 1420, ≥70 years) was undertaken. Methods Participants completed a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessing dietary intake over the previous year. Total nitrate from vegetables and non‐vegetable sources was calculated from a validated instrument that quantified the nitrate content of food recorded within the food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength and timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG) were assessed, representing muscle strength and physical function, respectively. Cut‐points for weak grip strength (<22 kg) and slow TUG (>10.2 s) were selected due to their association with adverse outcomes. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between total nitrate intake and muscle function measures. Results Mean ± standard deviation (SD) total nitrate intake was 79.5 ± 31.2 mg/day, of which 84.5% came from vegetables. Across the unadjusted tertiles of nitrate intake (<64.2 mg/day; 64.2 to <89.0 mg/day; ≥89.0 mg/day), women in the highest tertile had a 4% stronger grip strength and a 5% faster TUG performance compared with the lowest tertile. In multivariable‐adjusted models, each SD higher nitrate intake (31.2 mg/day) was associated with stronger grip strength (per kilogram, β 0.31, P = 0.027) and faster TUG (per second, β −0.27, P = 0.001). The proportion of women with weak grip strength (<22 kg) or slow TUG (>10.2 s) was 61.0% and 36.9%, respectively. Each SD higher nitrate intake (31.2 mg/day) was associated with lower odds for weak grip strength (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95, P = 0.005) and slow TUG (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.98, P = 0.021). Compared with women in the lowest tertile of nitrate intake, women in the highest nitrate intake tertile had lower odds for weak grip strength (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49–0.87, P trend= 0.004) and slow TUG (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.97, P trend = 0.044). Conclusions This investigation highlights potential benefits of nitrate‐rich diets on muscle strength and physical function in a large cohort of older women. Considering poor muscle strength and physical function is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes such as falling, fractures, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, increasing dietary nitrate, especially though vegetable consumption may be an effective way to limit age‐related declines in muscle function. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate intake is associated with muscle function in older women

Sim

Lewis

Blekkenhorst

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…barbells, pull-up bars, or gymnastics rings. Current literature does indicate that consistently gripping and manipulating implements likely correlates to improved HGS, and that improved HGS correlates, whole body strength, functional ability, longevity, independence, and decreases in morbidity (Cronin, 2017;Rantanen et al, 1999;DeBeliso et al, 2015a;DeBeliso et al, 2015b;Granic et al, 2017;Norman et al, 2011). With regard to elite CF performance, it appears that additional HGS training may not be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have indicated that HGS is a good predictor of total body strength and functional ability (DeBeliso et al, 2015a; DeBeliso et al, 2015b), total muscle strength (Wind et al, 2010), mortality (Granic et al, 2017), morbidity (Norman et al, 2011), and cognition (Praetorious et al, 2016) in aging adults. Among participants at least 85 years old, a decline in HGS over the subsequent 10 years was indicative of a 16% greater risk of mortality in men and a 33% greater risk in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relationship between CrossFit performance and grip strength

Haynes

DeBeliso

2019

Turkish Journal of Kinesiology

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There is a growing interest in maximizing CrossFit (CF) performance as the sport becomes more economically viable at elite levels. The ability to delineate the physiological demands of the sport of CF allows coaches and athletes to develop more efficacious exercise programming in order to maximize the athlete's potential for success at the most elite and lucrative levels of competition. There is also a growing interest in increasing health and fitness in the general population as obesity and chronic disease rates continue to rise. Hand grip strength (HGS) is an indicator of total body strength, mortality, morbidity and independence among aging adults. Given that CF is the "Sport of Fitness", it would be of interest to determine the relationship between HGS and CF performance. The current study examined the relationship between CF performance and hand grip strength (HGS). It was hypothesized that CF performance would have a meaningful significant relationship with HGS. Fifteen (n=15) female CF participants (age 30.9±7.1 years, height 160.3±4.8 cm, body mass 64.5±9.6 kg) of varying experience levels (51.9±30.6 months) were assessed for HGS and CF performance measures. The CF performance measures were assessed via a Workout of the Day (WOD) comprised of 3 rounds of 30 seconds at each of the following stations: fan bike (FB) for maximum calories, air squats (AS) for maximum repetitions, sit-ups (SU) for maximum repetitions, and burpees (BP) for maximum repetitions. Each 30 second work interval was followed by 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest to ensure full recovery of the phosphagen energy system. Scores were reported as the mean number of repetitions completed across the 3 attempts at each movement station. Individual movements as well as total repetitions were then compared to HGS with Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Sit-up performance demonstrated a positive moderately (r=0.44) significant relationship with mean HGS (p<0.05). Neither total WOD performance nor any other individual movement had a significant relationship with HGS (p>0.05). Within the parameters of this study, CF participants exhibited a moderate relationship between HGS and sit-up scores.

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“…In addition to these meta-analyses, several recent large-scale studies have further reinforced the value of grip strength as a predictor of mortality in community-dwelling populations. These studies all involved over 1000 participants from each of several specific countries or regions: Japan; 76 Russia; 77 Denmark, 77 the United Kingdom, [77][78][79] Korea, 80 Norway, 81 the United States, 82,83 the Netherlands, 84 Switzerland, 85 Western Europe, 86 and Taiwan. 87 In the last of these studies, "malnutrition synergistically increased the mortality risk" in keeping with low grip strength.…”

Section: Grip Strength As a Biomarker Of Future Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

Bohannon

2019

CIA

538

382

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Grip strength has been proposed as a biomarker. Supporting this proposition, evidence is provided herein that shows grip strength is largely consistent as an explanator of concurrent overall strength, upper limb function, bone mineral density, fractures, falls, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, depression, sleep problems, diabetes, multimorbidity, and quality of life. Evidence is also provided for a predictive link between grip strength and all-cause and disease-specific mortality, future function, bone mineral density, fractures, cognition and depression, and problems associated with hospitalization. Consequently, the routine use of grip strength can be recommended as a stand-alone measurement or as a component of a small battery of measurements for identifying older adults at risk of poor health status.

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Initial level and rate of change in grip strength predict all-cause mortality in very old adults

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Dietary nitrate intake is associated with muscle function in older women

Dietary nitrate intake is associated with muscle function in older women

The relationship between CrossFit performance and grip strength

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

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