Initial impacts of global risk mitigation measures taken during the combatting of the COVID-19 pandemic

Bruin, Yuri Bruinen de; Lequarré, Anne-Sophie; McCourt, Josephine; Clevestig, Peter; Pigazzani, Filippo; Jeddi, Maryam Zare; Colosio, Claudio; Goulart, Margarida

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104773

Cited by 269 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

179

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…due to the contemporary presence of the users in the main areas), which can seriously increase the probability of a user to be infected. Among the different exposure models in closed built environments (Ronchi and Lovreglio 2020), proximity-based and exposure time-based factors of virus transmission seem to be the most relevant and confirmed roles in respect to high-risk exposure/close contact definition, according to consolidate criteria of national and international health organizations 1 (Anderson et al 2020;Prem et al 2020;Yang et al 2020;Bruinen de Bruin et al 2020). In fact, such literature bases define how a probable case is a person remaining "in a closed environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic evidences how some issues in buildings fruition due to the long-lasting presence of people in closed built environment increase the pandemic spreading (Cirrincione et al 2020;Zizzo et al 2020;Wang et al 2020;Ronchi and Lovreglio 2020). As a consequence, policy makers and stakeholders were leaded to control the access to the buildings (mainly, by limiting the building occupancy) and even promote compulsory and widespread lockdowns, thus causing disruption of activities (Anderson et al 2020;Bruinen de Bruin et al 2020). University buildings were (and still are) one of the most significant scenarios in this sense, causing disruption of Learning and Teaching (L&T) activities (Dohaney et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for other public buildings, lockdowns of university buildings were provided to limit the exposure of the occupants to critical conditions (Anderson et al 2020;Prem et al 2020;Yang et al 2020;Bruinen de Bruin et al 2020) such as the long-lasting presence (day-to-day) of the same users (i.e. students, teachers): 1)in the same "attraction areas", where main L&T activities are carried out (classrooms), or occupants can have a break from their activities (break areas); 2) in possible overcrowding over time (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

D’Orazio

Bernardini

Quagliarini

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crowds in buildings open to the public can alter the occupants’ safety in different emergency conditions, including those related to a pandemic. In this sense, university buildings are one of the most relevant scenarios in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out the stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors” in such closed environments. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit (second) virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control to avoid lockdowns and ensure adequate conditions for occupants. Simulators could support effectiveness evaluations of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission (confirmed by international health organizations). The building occupancy is defined according to university schedule, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities, mitigation strategies, virus-related aspects. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In the case study, occupants’ capacity limitation could support the adoption of surgical masks by users instead of FFPk masks (thus improving users’ comfort issues). Preliminary correlations to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are proposed to support stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

D’Orazio

Bernardini

Quagliarini

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Currently, it affects individuals on all continents, in one of the largest pandemics in history (1). The World Health Organization declared it a pandemic on March 11 th 2020 (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, professionals from essentials areas must continue working. Among these are healthcare professionals, including dentists (2). The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), a public (free of charge) universal system for oral health is divided into three strataprimary (primary care to oral health), secondary (specialized oral care), and tertiary (oral care in hospitals) (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Primary and Secondary Public Oral Health Attention: Are Dentists Ready to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Vieira‐Meyer

Coutinho

Santos

et al. 2020

Disaster med. public health prep.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Investigate knowledge and practice of Brazilian public primary and secondary healthcare dentists during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online questionnaire, with socio-demographic and COVID-19 knowledge questions, was utilized. Results: A total of 4,048 dentists working in the Brazilian public primary and secondary healthcare system were investigated. 4,024 (99.41%) believe COVID-19 can be transmitted through dental procedures. It was observed a fair level of COVID-19 symptoms knowledge by these dentists (3.76±1.27 of 6.00), as well as a disbelieve in the actual personal protective equipment (3,382; 83.55%) and biosafety procedures (3,278; 80.98%) utilized as an efficient form of COVID-19 transmission prevention. Country region, performance of social distancing, dental specialty, the believe on personal protective equipment and biosafety preventive measures influenced the likelihood of dentists to perform dental treatment, either elective or urgent, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The need of extra preventive barriers for dental treatment may bring an extra financial stress in the Brazilian public primary and secondary healthcare system, as well as in the patient-dentist relationship, which may have to be reframed. Internationally accepted public guidelines policies regarding dental treatment safety, as well as the technological development of preventive tools, are needed to deal with the challenges brought by COVID-19.

show abstract

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map

Hanratty

Keenan²,

O'Connor

et al. 2023

Campbell Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures. Common recommended measures to limit risk of infection include frequent handwashing, reducing the frequency of social interactions and the use of face coverings. It is important to identify those factors that can predict the uptake and maintenance of these protective behaviours.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify and map the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours aimed at reducing the risk of infection or transmission of COVID‐19.Search MethodsOur extensive search included electronic databases (n = 12), web searches, conference proceedings, government reports, other repositories including both published peer reviewed, pre‐prints and grey literature. The search strategy was built around three concepts of interest including (1) context (terms relating to COVID‐19), (2) behaviours of interest and (3) terms related to psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health‐Related Behaviours and adherence or compliance with recommended behaviours, to capture both malleable and non‐malleable determinants (i.e. determinants that could be changed and those that could not).Selection CriteriaThis Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) includes all types of studies examining determinants of common recommended behaviours aimed at mitigating human‐to‐human spread of COVID‐19. All potential malleable and non‐malleable determinants of one or more behaviours are included in the map. As part of the mapping process, categories are used to group determinants. The mapping categories were based on a previous rapid review by Hanratty 2021. These include: ‘behaviour’, ‘cognition’, ‘demographics’, ‘disease’, ‘emotions’, ‘health status’, ‘information’, ‘intervention’, and ‘knowledge’. Those not suitable for categorisation in any of these groups are included in the map as ‘other’ determinants.Data Collection and AnalysisResults were imported to a bibliographic reference manager where duplications of identical studies gathered from multiple sources were removed. Data extraction procedures were managed in EPPI‐Reviewer software. Information on study type, population, behaviours measured and determinants measured were extracted. We appraised the methodological quality of systematic reviews with AMSTAR‐2. We did not appraise the quality of primary studies in this map.Main ResultsAs of 1 June 2022 the EGM includes 1034 records reporting on 860 cross‐sectional, 68 longitudinal, 78 qualitative, 25 reviews, 62 interventional, and 39 other studies (e.g., mixed‐methods approaches). The map includes studies that measured social distancing (n = 487), masks and face coverings (n = 382), handwashing (n = 308), physical distancing (n = 177), isolation/quarantine (n = 157), respiratory hygiene/etiquette (n = 75), cleaning surfaces (n = 59), and avoiding touching the T‐zone (n = 48). There were 333 studies that assessed composite measures of two or more behaviours. The largest cluster of determinants was ‘demographics’ (n = 730 studies), followed by ‘cognition’ (n = 496 studies) and determinants categorised as ‘other’ (n = 447). These included factors such as ‘beliefs’, ‘culture’ and ‘access to resources’. Less evidence is available for some determinants such as ‘interventions’ (n = 99 studies), ‘information’ (n = 101 studies), and ‘behaviour’ (149 studies).Authors' ConclusionsThis EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy‐makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID‐19 health‐related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID‐19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.

show abstract

Initial impacts of global risk mitigation measures taken during the combatting of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 269 publications

References 42 publications

A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

Brazilian Primary and Secondary Public Oral Health Attention: Are Dentists Ready to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About