Initial impact of the California continuum of care reform act on youth’s experiences in out-of-home care

Metcalf, Stacy; Dickerson, Kelli L; Quas, Jodi A.

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106635

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Family First limits the use of Title IV-E funds for children and youth placed in nonfamily settings and creates Qualified Residential Treatment Programs (QRTP) as a new federal classification of congregate care facilities [20]. Metcalf et al [21] conducted an initial assessment of the short-term impact of the CCR in a large urban county, focusing on the extent to which the legislation (a) increased placement stability, (b) decreased reliance on congregate care, and (c) reduced the time it takes for youth to be placed in family-based care (i.e., kin or foster care) during the first two years of its implementation. They compared two years of placement data among 359 maltreated youth (aged 6-18 years) whose placement experiences occurred before, during, or after the CCR was enacted.…”

Section: Current Approaches: Child Welfare Policy and Out-of-home Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placement change and the resulting instability can be attributed to child welfare system-initiated factors between 50% and 70% of the time [21,83,117]. While some of this instability may be due to the child's behavior, instability precipitates behavioral reactions.…”

Section: Factors Promoting and Detracting From Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The child welfare bureaucracy moves children through transitional facilities that in the past were not (by the system) considered "real placements". More recently, they are counted as congregate placements [21]. A child's history with these placements and with those considered to be "permanent" varies considerably in duration and pattern across time.…”

Section: Stability Factors and Movement Within The Out-of-home Care S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…States seem to have trouble recruiting sufficient numbers of family-based settings [21]. Craft [156] indicates that sometimes " .…”

Section: Stability Factors and Movement Within The Out-of-home Care S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given new findings discussed above [21], the emphasis on family type placements has led to a "holding tank" mentality in the system-children are awaiting a familytype placement, often in group care facilities designed for either passing through and/or treatment or disciplinary purposes. Given the lack of supply of quality family settings, it is time to face the fact that many children will not find an ideal family setting and that, even if system personnel believe that they have such a setting for a child, the odds are against it being a successful placement.…”

Section: Inadequate Supply Of Quality Family-based Placements and Ins...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home First: Stability and Opportunity in Out-of-Home Care

Segal¹

2023

Psych

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In this report, the concept of “Home First” is introduced for those children who require long-term, non-kin placements. The term “Home First” connotes a placement engendering stability and continuity; this concept is introduced in conjunction with an evaluation of the historical, theoretical, and empirical evidence surrounding different forms of out-of-home placement, including group-care placements and foster family care. In light of these observations and studies, this report will argue that stability is a major factor, perhaps a necessary if not a sufficient condition, in successful child development. It will argue for the initiation of a new focus on the creation of long-term positive and stable residential placements within the out-of-home care system and show that such placements can and have contributed to the development of healthy, happy, and successful adulthoods. This report offers a bio-psycho-social perspective on child development in out-of-home care. It provides a brief overview of the multiple bio-psycho-social theoretical perspectives that inform us on the necessary role of stability in growth and development and the contribution of instability to dysfunction. This report considers stability in out-of-home care in relation to its associated outcomes and those factors believed to enhance or detract from these outcomes. It reviews the history of substitutive care provision for children and youth and the role of the “stability objective” in that history. Finally, it looks at how child welfare system priorities have influenced stability, and it offers some suggestions for ensuring more stable growth and development in child placement provision.

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Section: Current Approaches: Child Welfare Policy and Out-of-home Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Promoting and Detracting From Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Factors and Movement Within The Out-of-home Care S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…States seem to have trouble recruiting sufficient numbers of family-based settings [21]. Craft [156] indicates that sometimes " .…”

Section: Stability Factors and Movement Within The Out-of-home Care S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inadequate Supply Of Quality Family-based Placements and Ins...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home First: Stability and Opportunity in Out-of-Home Care

Segal¹

2023

Psych

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Contact with Foster Care and the Juvenile Delinquency Court: A Prospective Examination from Birth through Age 18

Eastman,

Park,

Herz

et al. 2024

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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Purpose Research has demonstrated a link between out-of-home foster care and subsequent juvenile justice involvement. Understanding factors that may contribute to dual system involvement for young people who entered foster care is essential for disrupting this relationship. Method We used population-based linked administrative records to examine the prevalence of juvenile delinquency court petitions among individuals placed in out-of-home foster care in Los Angeles County from birth to age 18. By integrating records from child welfare and probation, this analysis of individuals born between 1998 and 2001 and who lived in the county’s out-of-home foster care system (N = 29,434) showed that 2,554 (8.7%) had encountered a juvenile delinquency court petition prior to turning 18. Results Regression results showed an increased rate of dual system involvement among young people in foster care who experienced unstable living conditions, periods of absence from care, commercial sexual exploitation, or group homes. Instability in living situations (staying in care for more than a year, with three or more homes or placements; RR = 1.31; CI = 1.16, 1.48) and history of group home care (RR = 1.43; CI = 1.25, 1.64) were significantly associated with a heightened rate of dual system involvement. As shown in the gender-stratified models, the magnitude of associations between dual system involvement and foster care experiences differed by gender. Discussion The current study aligns with prior studies showing a relationship between residential instability and group homes to subsequent delinquency court involvement. Findings set a baseline so future work can explore if policies aiming to reduce reliance on group care are associated with changes in the likelihood of dual system involvement.

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