Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences

Aiello, Alessandra; Najafi-Fard, Saeid; Goletti, Delia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 327 publications

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“…As CD137 and CD69 markers are closely associated with cytokine production [22,30], the expression of different cytokines in T cells was subsequently evaluated. The interferon response is fundamental to restrain and abrogate viral and bacterial infection [33][34][35], especially IFN-γ, a cytokine associated with the Th1 immune response [36]. The data obtained in this study indicate that a new exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens does not modulate the IFN-γ levels in COVID-19-vaccinated patients with active tuberculosis and their non-vaccinated counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Cavalcante-Silva,

Leite,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection consequences. However, after a vaccination plan against COVID-19, the cases of severe disease and death are consistently controlled, although cases of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 still happen together with tuberculosis (TB) cases. Thus, in this context, we sought to compare the T cell response of COVID-19-non-vaccinated and -vaccinated patients with active tuberculosis exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Flow cytometry was used to analyze activation markers (i.e., CD69 and CD137) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-17, and IL-10) levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. The data obtained showed that CD8+ T cells from non-vaccinated TB patients present a high frequency of CD69 and TNF-α after viral challenge compared to vaccinated TB donors. Conversely, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated TB patients show a high frequency of IL-10 after spike peptide stimulus compared to non-vaccinated patients. No differences were observed in the other parameters analyzed. The results suggest that this reduced immune balance in coinfected individuals may have consequences for pathogen control, necessitating further research to understand its impact on clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in those with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Cavalcante-Silva,

Leite,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…COVID-19-associated mortality is notably increased by aging, disabilities, and underlying medical conditions [14,[19][20][21]. However, data regarding the relationship between COVID-19 outcome and active or latent TB are few and discordant in the available literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to some studies, poorer COVID-19 outcomes could be associated with active TB, probably due to the dysregulation of immunity during MT infection [11,13,14,21,23]. Global TB/COVID-19 network study group evidenced that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after the end of TB treatment had a poorer prognosis in comparison with those with COVID-19 diagnosed before or during TB treatment [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Tuberculosis Infection and COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of Patients from Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy)

Mariotti,

Sponchiado,

Lagi

et al. 2023

Infectious Disease Reports

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Data regarding the relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and active or latent tuberculosis (TB) are discordant. We conducted a retrospective study examining the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the clinical progression of COVID-19 patients. We selected 213 patients admitted with COVID-19 in a tertiary-level Italian hospital (February–December 2020), who underwent a QuantiFERON-TB test (QFT) and/or chest radiological exam. The population was divided into three groups: (i) QFT negative and without radiological TB sequelae (Neg); (ii) QFT positive and without radiological TB sequelae (Pos); (iii) radiological TB sequelae regardless of QFT result (Seq). In-hospital mortality and oro-tracheal intubation (OTI) showed significantly higher results in the Seq group (Seq 50% vs. Pos 13.3% vs. Neg 9.3%, p < 0.001; Seq 16.7% vs. Pos 6.7% vs. Neg 4.9%, p = 0.045). Considering the Pos and Seq groups’ patients as the population with defined LTBI, in-hospital mortality (20/51, 39.2%) and OTI risk (7/51, 13.7%) were statistically higher with respect to patients without LTBI (in-hospital mortality: 15/162, 9.3%, p < 0.001; OTI risk: 8/162, 4.9%, p = 0.023), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that radiological sequelae and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were significantly associated with higher mortality rate; despite the higher CCI of Seq population, we cannot exclude the correlation between COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and the presence of radiological TB sequelae.

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“…Thus, there is currently no mechanistic basis for synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb. There is still a poor understanding of the pathology and immunological changes associated with M.tb /SARS-CoV-2 co-infection ( 191 ), as recently reviewed in ( 192 ).…”

Section: Mtb and Sars-cov-2 Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease

Allué-Guardia,

Torrelles,

Sigal

2023

Front. Immunol.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.

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Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences

Cited by 11 publications

References 327 publications

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Latent Tuberculosis Infection and COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of Patients from Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy)

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease

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