Initial bubble growth in polymer foam processes

Shafi, Muhammad Aamir; Flumerfelt, Raymond W.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(96)00434-4

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Current understanding of the process of bubble nucleation in polymer foams [31], [32] suggests the following steps for a thermoplastic material undergoing pyrolysis:…”

Section: Bubble Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical model for combustion of bubbling thermoplastic materials in microgravity

Butler¹

2002

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“…Current understanding of the process of bubble nucleation in polymer foams [31], [32] suggests the following steps for a thermoplastic material undergoing pyrolysis:…”

Section: Bubble Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical model for combustion of bubbling thermoplastic materials in microgravity

Butler¹

2002

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“…Ignoring the former, one has to postulate an initial bubble and prescribe its initial properties. Such initial conditions have been subject to much debate [15,45].…”

Section: Single Bubblementioning

confidence: 99%

The nucleation and growth of gas bubbles in a Newtonian fluid: an energetic variational phase field approach

Naber¹,

Li²,

Feng³

2008

Contemporary Mathematics

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Abstract.In this paper, we study the nucleation and growth of gas bubbles in a Newtonian fluid. We employ a general energetic variational formulation with a phase-field method, and compare the analytical and numerical predictions of this new formulation with those of classical models. The new approach allows the study of bubble nucleation, growth and coalescence in a unified framework, and has the capability of modeling complex situations in polymer foaming, with multiple-bubble interaction, interaction with an external flow field, complex non-Newtonian rheology and non-Fickian diffusion.

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“…Foaming is a complex process in multiphase systems that has important applications in the food and chemical industries, re ghting, mineral processing, and structural material science and has considerably attracted interest of the researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Foaming consists of 3 stages, namely, nucleation, bubble growth, and coarsening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A note on the critical gap of bubble coalescence during foaming process: A diffuse-interface modeling

Rad

2017

Scientia Iranica

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Abstract. Bubble coalescence is an important stage of foaming process. A goal of foaming is to produce numerous, uniform-size bubbles. Therefore, suppression of bubble coalescence is desirable during foaming process. For stationary bubbles, if their distance is less than a critical gap, they will coalesce. Actually, in this case, attractive forces attract the outer surfaces to touch each other and form a growing gas bridge, which nally merges the bubbles. For bigger distance, the attractive forces cannot make a bridge and coalescence will not happen. In this study, the dynamics of bubble coalescence are modeled using a di use-interface LBM. Then, critical gap of bubble coalescence is de ned as the maximum distance between the stationary bubbles where the coalescence will happen. Sensibility of critical gap is obtained with respect to critical properties of material, bubble size, viscosity of gas and liquid, density ratio, surface tension, temperature, and interface thickness. The results show that interface thickness is the only factor that controls the critical gap. In other words, in the case of stationary bubbles, by a precise estimation of interface thickness, the coalescence can be predicted. Critical gap is a useful parameter in foaming where the maximum number of bubbles is desirable.

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Initial bubble growth in polymer foam processes

Cited by 96 publications

References 26 publications

A numerical model for combustion of bubbling thermoplastic materials in microgravity

A numerical model for combustion of bubbling thermoplastic materials in microgravity

The nucleation and growth of gas bubbles in a Newtonian fluid: an energetic variational phase field approach

A note on the critical gap of bubble coalescence during foaming process: A diffuse-interface modeling

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