Initial Assessment of Thousand Cankers Disease on Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in Eastern Tennessee

Grant, Jerome F.; Windham, Mark T.; Haun, Walker G.; Wiggins, Gregory J.; Lambdin, Paris

doi:10.3390/f2030741

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Currently, TCD has become widely distributed among J. nigra and other walnut species across the western U.S. [7]. In 2010, the disease complex was first confirmed within the native range of eastern black walnut in Tennessee [8], followed by Pennsylvania and Virginia in 2011 [9,10], North Carolina in 2012 [11], Ohio in 2013 [12,13], and Maryland and Indiana in 2014 [4,14,15]. The spread of the disease has continued with the first confirmed case of TCD infection in Europe in 2013, found on transplanted eastern black walnut and native English walnut (J. regia L.) in Italy [16,17].…”

Section: The Thousand Cankers Disease Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Daniels

Nix

Wadl

et al. 2016

Forests

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Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) is a disease complex wherein the fungus (Geosmithia morbida) is vectored by the walnut twig beetle (WTB, Pityophthorus juglandis). The disease causes mortality primarily of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra), although other walnut and wingnut (Pterocarya) species are also susceptible. Black walnut is native to the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. but is widely planted in western states. Total standing volume in both urban and forested settings is approximately 96 million cubic meters, and is valued at $539 billion. Although native to the Southwestern U.S., the range of WTB has expanded considerably. The spread of G. morbida coincides with that of WTB. TCD was introduced into Tennessee in 2010, and has spread to seven eastern states. Trees infected with TCD exhibit drought-like symptoms, making field detection difficult without molecular and/or morphological methods. The recently sequenced G. morbida genome will provide valuable research tools focused on understanding gene interactions between organisms involved in TCD and mechanisms of pathogenicity. With no chemical treatments available, quarantine and sanitation are preeminent options for slowing the spread of TCD, although biological control agents have been discovered. High levels of black walnut mortality due to TCD will have far-reaching implications for both eastern and western states.

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Section: The Thousand Cankers Disease Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Daniels

Nix

Wadl

et al. 2016

Forests

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“…8). Soon after, it was described in other western states (94), and it spread recently to the tree's native range (58). TCD fits the criteria for a black swan disease, in that it is eliminating large numbers of black walnut in all of the above areas (high impact), was rare and unexpected, and was an unpredictable surprise.…”

Section: Pathogen-vector Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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Diseases that are associated with ambrosia and bark beetles comprise some of the most significant problems that have emerged on trees in the last century. They are caused by fungi in the Ophiostomatales, Microascales and Hypocreales, and have vectors in the Scolytinae (ambrosia and bark beetles), Platypodinae (ambrosia beetles) and Hylesininae (bark beetles) subfamilies of the Curculionidae (Coleoptera) (73,102,144). Some of these problems, such as Dutch elm disease (DED), have a long history, have been extensively researched, and are fairly well understood (23,56,70,113,149,168,169). In contrast, other similar diseases developed recently and are poorly or partially understood (2,3,42,51,73,89,94,98,114,127,137,154,158, 164,165). Significant data gaps may exist for the ecology, epidemiology and management of the latter diseases.The emergence and unexpected importance of these tree diseases are discussed in thisarticle. An underlying factor in most of these interactions is the absence of a coevolved history between the so-called "naïve" or "new encounter" host trees and the pathogens and/or beetles (27,128,174). For the ambrosia beetles, these interactions are associated with susceptibility to what are typically benign fungi and atypical relationships with healthy trees (ambrosia beetles favor trees that are dead or stressed). Interestingly, the pathogens for both the ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases often have symbiotic relationships with the insects that are not based on phytopathogenicity. Some of the most alarming and damaging of these diseases are considered below as "black swan events" (155).Black Swans. Before 1697, improbable events and situations in Europe were known as "black swans" (at the time, all swans known to Europeans were white) (134). In that year, the black swan, Cygnus atratus, was discovered in Western Australia (38). Thereafter, "black swan" developed as a metaphor for a supposed impossibility that is contradicted with new information.For example, John Stuart Mill used black swan logical fallacy when identifying falsification, a key component in the scientific method (68).In a recent book, Taleb (155) developed Black Swan Theory (BST). Unlike the "black swan" to which Mill referred (68), BST focuses on unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence (155). Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.The Beetles and Beetle-associated Tree Diseases. The order Coleoptera contains more species than any other or...

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“…Kolarík, E. within the native range of this species [4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In 2013, TCD was also confirmed in J. nigra planted in northeastern Italy [19].…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were no recorded collections of the WTB or G. morbida from J. nigra in the western USA prior to 1959 in southern California (CA); none prior to 1996 in UT [20]; and none in the native range of J. nigra until 2010 [11,12].…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and secretome of two Pythium species during infection and saprophytic growth

Caballero

Tisserat

2017

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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TRANSCRIPTOME AND SECRETOME OF TWO PYTHIUM SPECIES DURING INFECTION AND SAPROPHYTIC GROWTHIn the first part of this dissertation, I describe how we obtained and analyzed the full complement of transcripts -the transcriptome-and the set of secreted proteins -the secretomeof Pythium irregulare and Pythium iwayamai isolates when they were infecting plant hosts and when they were growing saprophytically. Additionally, these two treatments were performed at two different temperatures (4˚ and 19˚C). The assembled transcriptomes were annotated, and a closer analysis of the expression profiles of transcripts coding for pathogenicity-related proteins is shown. Secreted proteins were semi-quantified and their likely functions were determined based on the annotation of the corresponding transcripts.

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Initial Assessment of Thousand Cankers Disease on Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in Eastern Tennessee

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Transcriptome and secretome of two Pythium species during infection and saprophytic growth

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