Initial assessment of natural diversity in Mexican fig landraces

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The common fig (Ficus carica L.) was introduced intoMexico by Spanish Franciscan missionaries in the 16th century. It is widely assumed that Mexican figs are the Spanish cultivar Black Mission. We collected and propagated 12 fig plants from six landraces from different states in Central Mexico that represent different climate. All of them were grown in a greenhouse at Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, in the State of Mexico. During the experimental period, the greenhouse had an average temperature and relative humidity of 29.2° ± 5.4°C (SEM) and 78.1 ± 6.7% (SEM), respectively. Morphological characterization was done following a selected set of quantitative and qualitative descriptors established by the IPGRI. DNA analysis was based on a combination of ISSR and RFLP markers. We observed great diversity mainly in fruit weight (28.1-96.2 g), fruit shape (ovoid, pyriform), and neck length (0.97-3.80 cm), which could not be explained by environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. The Nei and Li/Dice similarity coefficient between landraces was determined by cluster analysis using the UPGMA method. Based on the morphological characterization and DNA fingerprinting data presented in this study, our results showed that after hundreds of years, black figs have adapted to local environmental condition in Central Mexico, yielding at least six clearly distinct landraces that represent valuable and previously undescribed genetic diversity. We also suggested names for those landraces according to their location and established a basis for further agronomic and molecular characterization of fig landraces.

INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF FIG (Ficus carica L.) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

“…The research was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Experimental Field of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, located at coordinates 19° 20’ N, 98° 53’ W, and altitude of 2240 m. A native cultivar was used, regionally referred to as “Netzahualcoyotl”, from backyard orchards, with fruits of black – pale pericarp and pale – purple pulp belonging to the unique collection of local varieties of fig trees in Mexico, which consists of six local varieties from different parts of the central region of Mexico (García-Ruiz et al , 2013). The experiment lasted eleven months (November 2010 to September 2011) at the end of the ripening of fruits.…”

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on nutraceutical quality and overall appearance of figs stored at 1 °C

“…Fig cultivation in Mexico dates back to the 1980s and is distributed in Veracruz, Michoacán, Baja California Sur, Puebla and Morelos with 79% (1,838.60 ha) of the total planted area, where Baja California Sur it is the main producer with 602 ha (SIAP, 2019). The prevailing production system is the open field, characterized by the high incidence of pests and diseases, fruit rot during the rainy season, poor management of plantations and damage caused by frost (Mendoza-Castillo et al, 2017), which is manifested in obtaining crops with highly variable yields and low fruit quality (García-Ruiz et al, 2013), in addition to limiting the growth of the planted area. The implementation of modern irrigation systems, application of nutrients, conduction systems and complemented with the use of greenhouses, has allowed increasing the potential yield of the crop and quality of the harvested fruit (Mendoza-Castillo et al, 2017;Mendoza-Castillo et al, 2019), becoming a good economic alternative for various rural areas.…”

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressures on Antioxidant Properties of Mexican Fig (Ficus Carica L.) Paste

“…Furthermore, the industry of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables is constantly growing due to the current consumption needs for minimally [1]. This fruit has been used as medicine processed foods.…”