Inhibitory Mechanism on Combination of Phytic Acid with Methanolic Seed Extract of Syzygium cumini and Sodium Chloride over Bacillus subtilis

Abstract

The antibiotic resistance in bacteria responsible for causing community and health care-associated infection displayed a major threat to global health. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of various ailments poses serious side effects. In the present research, we investigated the combined role of 2% phytic acid with 2% methanolic seed extract of Syzygium cumini and 0.5% sodium chloride for inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found it to be efficient over B. subtilis. The zone of inhibition by present mixture was found to be 2.9 ± 0.0004 and 1.9 ± 0.0006 cm against Bacillus subtilis and P. aeruginosa in comparison to individual component. Mixture was found more potent against B. subtilis and selected for further study. The underlying mechanism involved in inhibitory action of this mixture was determined by Scanning electron microscope, DNA fragmentation and propidium iodide staining. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that inhibition of B. subtilis by this mixture is mainly due to the disruption of bacterial cell membrane, leakage of internal cellular content which ultimately leads to the death of bacterial cells. DNA fragmentation showed apoptotic hallmark through degradation caused by mixture against B. subtilis at various time intervals. Likewise, PI staining also revealed the disruption of bacterial membrane by the mixture as the PI gives fluorescence after binding with DNA. The present study concludes that inhibitory potential of this mixture is mainly due to disruption of bacterial cell membrane, degradation of DNA and creation of pores in the membrane. The mixture could be used for inhibition of food pathogen B. subtilis.

Investigation of the medicinal significance of phytic acid as an indispensable anti-nutrient in diseases

“…Antimicrobial: The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is considered to be a substantial threat to public health and requires some concrete effort to tackle [144]. Infrequent use of broadspectrum antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria [145]. Moreso, frequent use of synthetic antimicrobial drugs may have many side effects as compared to those from organic sources.…”

Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxic Activities

“…Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, one of the major foodborne pathogens, leads to a wide range of severe foodborne diseases due to its invasiveness, multidrug resistance, and virulence [3,4]. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and hospitals have accelerated the emergence of S. aureus to acquire resistance to various antibacterial agents [5][6][7][8]. The rapid development of multidrug resistance has led to a decrease in the effectiveness of commercial antibiotics and has resulted in untreatable infections [9].…”

Cytotoxic potentials of S. cumini methanolic seed kernel extract in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

“…The seeds are claimed to have alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin . S. cumini is reported to possess antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiobesity, properties. In vitro context, cytotoxic effect of S. cumini is reported against breast cancer cell line .…”