Inhibitory mechanism of dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS) in the cellular biomethylation of arsenic

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity

“…The ideal arsenic-removal drug can interfere with the interactions of arsenic and molecules in the tissue. 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) are hydrophilic and belong to the mercapto family, which have vicinal dithiol moiety for the binding of metals [198,199]. These drugs or their analogs offer therapeutic benefit in acute arsenic poisoning when administered promptly [200].…”

Tetraarsenictetrasulfide and Arsenic Trioxide Exert Synergistic Effects on Induction of Apoptosis and Differentiation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

“…The effects of As 4 S 4 and As 3+ on cell growth were determined using the WST-1 cell proliferation assay kit (KeyGEN Biotech, China). In brief, 4×10 4 cells/ml were seeded into a 96-well culture plate and treated with various concentrations of As 4 S 4 , As 3+ , or their combination for 48 h. Untreated cells served as controls [ 28 , 29 ].…”

“…The proportions of apoptotic cells were measured with the Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection kit (KeyGEN Biotech, China) using flow cytometry [ 28 , 29 , 31 ]. NB4 and primary APL cells were treated with 2.0 μM As 4 S 4 , 2.0 μM As 3+ , or 1.0 μM As 4 S 4 and 1.0 μM As 3+ for 48 h. After treatment, the cells were washed twice with Ca 2+ -free phosphate buffer (PBS), stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI in the dark at room temperature for 15 min, and detected using a BD LSRL Fortessa flow cytometer.…”

“…RNAiso Plus (Takara-Bio, Japan) was used to extract total RNA from NB4 and primary APL cells. The concentration and purity of the isolated total RNA were determined by trace nucleic acid protein measurement instrument (NanoDrop ND-1000) [ 28 , 29 ]. 2.0 μg of total RNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA, and 2.0 μL of transcribed cDNA was used for PCR amplification with specific primers.…”

“…After treatment with As 4 S 4 , As 3+ or a combination, NB4 and primary APL cells were collected, washed twice with PBS, and then lysed in ice-cold RIPA cell lysis buffer (Beyotime, China) containing 1.0 mM PMSF for 60 min to extract total cellular protein [ 28 , 29 ]. The concentration of total protein was determined using the BCA protein quantification kit (Beyotime, China).…”