Inhibitory Effects of Inorganic Compounds on Photosynthesis in Chlorella

Greenfield, Sydney S.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb13979.x

Cited by 48 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…and acetylene reduction. This apparently differs from data obtained for the green alga, Clzlorrllrr ur11grr1.i~ (Greenfield 1942;Hassal 1963), where the order of sensitivity to vat-ious metals. including nickel.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

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The effect of nickel on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity of Anabaena inaequalis

Stratton¹,

Corke²

1979

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Anabaena inaequalis was sensitive to nickel ion in the order of decreasing sensitivity of growth, photosynthesis, and acetylene reduction. At a culture density of 9 x 10(4) cells per millilitre, growth after 12 days was completely inhibited by 0.125 ppm (microgram/mL) Ni2+. Nickel caused the increase of both the lag phase of growth and the culture doubling time, and caused the retardation phase to be sooner. Photosynthesis and acetylene reduction were completely inhibited by 10 and 20 ppm Ni2+, respectively, at a cell concentration of 1.3 x 10(6) cells per millilitre. Preincubation for 24 h in the presence of nickel ion significantly increased the sensitivity of photosynthesis and acetylene reduction. Under these conditions acetylene reduction was more sensitive than photosynthesis. Nickel ion reduced culture growth by 35% at a level of 0.05 ppm and inhibited that culture's acetylene-reducing ability by 29% while leaving photosynthesis unaffected. Nickel caused some damage to filament apical cells and induced pigment bleaching in aged cultures. Nickel toxicity was proposed to be due to poisoning of intracellular enzyme systems by nickel ions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Most of the reports deal with avenues of heavy introduction into the bio-the eucaryotic green algae (e.g. Greenfield 1942; sphere (i) geological, which does not account for Hutchinson 1973;Stokes 1975;Sakaguchi ct trl. appreciable environmental burden, and (ii) 1977;Wong et (11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nickel on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity of Anabaena inaequalis

Stratton¹,

Corke²

1979

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…The first of these ques tions had already been thoroughly investigated (see reviews by Bollard and Butler, 1966;O'Kelley, 1968) and it seemed that the elements required in major quantities (apart from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) were nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, iron and perhaps chlorine (Greenfield, 1942;Myers, 1951;Tamiya et al, 1953;Walker, 1953;Knauss and Porter, 1954). Elements required only in trace amounts included boron, cobalt (Greenfield, 1942), man ganese, copper, molybdenum, zinc (Walker, 1953;1954) and vanadium (O'Kelley, 1968). There appeared to be some doubt over the possible requirement for sodium (O'Kelley, 1968).…”

Section: (A) Development Of the Nutrient Mediummentioning

confidence: 98%

An experimental system usingChlorella vulgarisfor population studies in secondary-school biology

Gipps

Linke

1976

Journal of Biological Education

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The development of an experimental system which can be used for demonstrating population studies in Chlorella vulgaris, and which is appropriate for use in secondary schools, is described. A culture medium was prepared on the basis of established inorganic nutrient requirements, and several cultures were set up to test the effects of variations in nutrient compo sition, temperature, pH, light and aeration. A satis factory system was eventually found which produced an ideal (sigmoidal) population-growth curve within three weeks. A similar pattern of results, though with different growth rates and maximum population levels, was obtained both for controlled and ambient con ditions of light and temperature, and for aerated tube and non-aerated flask cultures. Non-aerated tube cultures were relatively ineffective. Two methods were used, the counting of cells and the measurement of optical density, for estimating population density, and comparative results were obtained for serial dilutions of a standard culture.

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Occurrence and Chemistry of Zinc in Freshwaters – its Toxicity and Bioaccumulation with Respect to Algae: A Review Part 2: Toxicity and Bioaccumulation with Respect to Algae

Vymazal

1986

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Summary: Zinc has definitely been established to be required for the growth of both higher plants and algae, but it can act either in a stimulatory mode or in an inhibitory one, depending on its level of availability. A variety of environmental fpctors are known to modify the toxicity of zinc in water on algae. It has been observed that algae differ in their tolerance to zinc.It is well known that algae can accumulate zinc or other metals from water, producing an internal concentration greater than in their surroundings. The modes of accumulation and concentration factors are given. Toxicity of zinc on Algae Zinc as a micronutrient for plantsZinc has definitely been established t o be required for the growth of both higher green plants and algae. The earliest study regarding the essentiality of zinc for plants was the one of RAULIN for Aspergillus niger. However, it was not until 1926 that SOMMER and LIPMAN presented convincing evidence for the necessity of zinc as a plant nutrient. Since then there have been numerous confirmations (EYSTER).Zinc has been shown to be an almost universal constituent of living matter and it is now considered essential to the growth and normal development of most microorganisms, plants and animals (RICE, 1961).The discovery of zinc in many highly purified enzymes (VALLEE) has revealed the diversity of its function in protein and carbohydrate metabolism. The isolation and purification of a n enzyme, carbonic anhydrase (4.2.1.1) containing 0.33 O, ' o zinc as part of its molecule, by KEILIN and MANN offered the first concrete explanation of a mode of action of this element. Zinc was demonstrated t o be essential t o the mechanism of action of this enzyme, which catalyzes the dehydration of carbonic acid and participates in the elimination and incorporation of carbon dioxide.WARBURG and LUTTGENS (1944, 1946) presented some evidence which caused them t o speculate that zinc was a heavy metal intimately concerned with Hill reaction activity. They reported that the quantity of o-phenanthroline required to cause 100 O/ " inhibition was almost exactly equal to the amount required t o completely chelate the zinc in the chloroplast fragments. The inhibitory action was corrected by the addition of zinc ions. 7.

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Inhibitory Effects of Inorganic Compounds on Photosynthesis in Chlorella

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of nickel on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity of Anabaena inaequalis

The effect of nickel on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity of Anabaena inaequalis

An experimental system usingChlorella vulgarisfor population studies in secondary-school biology

Occurrence and Chemistry of Zinc in Freshwaters – its Toxicity and Bioaccumulation with Respect to Algae: A Review Part 2: Toxicity and Bioaccumulation with Respect to Algae

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