Inhibitory effects of cacao bean husk extract on plaque formation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Cacao bean husk extract (CBH) has been shown to possess antibacterial and antiglucosyltransferase activities through its unsaturated fatty acids and epicatechin polymers, respectively. In the present study, the antiplaque activities of CBH were examined in vitro and in vivo. The extract inhibited the adherence of Streptococcus mutans MT8148 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and reduced the accumulation of artificial dental plaque by S. mutans MT8148 on orthodontic wire. The number of mutans streptococci in dental plaque was also significantly reduced when human dental plaque was exposed to CBH from 21 children at 37 degrees C for 1 h. For the in vivo study, 28 volunteers aged 19-29 yr old rinsed their mouth with CBH, before and after each intake of food and before sleeping at night for 4 d without using other oral hygiene procedures. Plaque depositions and the numbers of mutans streptococci were reduced in the subjects, compared with rinsing with 1% ethanol alone. These results indicate that CBH possesses significant antiplaque activity in vitro and in vivo.

Polyphenols, oral health and disease: A review

“…Eight studies consistently report -one of them non significantly -that plant extracts inhibit glucosyltransferases (GTFs) activity and insoluble glucan synthesis [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] ; 10 studies, with heterogeneous designs, report adherence inhibition on hard surfaces 106,[108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116] ; three of the four studies investigating the inhibition of acid production from sucrose or glucose report this effect, 106,112,117 while one does not. 113 Eight studies report bacteriostatic activity against mutans streptococci [105][106][107][110][111][112]114,118 and one does not, 113 while one study reports bactericidal activity 119 and another does not. 109 In addition, plant extracts induce the downregulation of a series of enzymes essential for Streptococcus mutans metabolism, such as those responsible for amino-acid, carbohydrate, lipid and nucleotide syntheses and for translation.…”

“…Significantly lower mean Plaque Index and mutans streptococci levels were detected during the test period. 114 In the third study, with a mouthrinse produced from the bract part of hops (approximately 0.35 mg/ml PPs), volunteers were randomly located to the test and placebo groups and, after 2 weeks, the protocol was repeated with a crossover design. Volunteers rinsed five times daily.…”

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from Brazilian savanna on cariogenic cocci

“…Thus, natural compounds such as propolis 8 , guajava 9 , cacao 10 , araça [11][12][13] , tea and other beverages [14][15][16] , and copaiba 17 have arisen as new and effective chemical agents against dental caries and other infections associated with oral microbiota. Natural products are largely used in traditional medicine or in the diet, especially in developing countries 12,13,18,19 and might represent advantages over synthetic compounds, such as diversity, flexibility, accessibility, affordability and acceptance 20 .…”

Efeitos da aplicação de verniz contendo araçá (Psidium cattleianum, Sabine) sobre a microbiota cariogênica e a microdureza de superfície do esmalte de ratos submetidos a desafio cariogênico

“…O uso de agentes antimicrobianos para o controle do biofilme esbarra em sérias limitações, que vão desde a maior resistência que esses microrganismos apresentam quando comparados com bactérias planctônicas 17,26 , dificuldade de penetração do princípio ativo no interior do biofilme 27 , alterações metabólicas bacterianas 27,28 , além dos efeitos Muito interesse vem sendo dispensado ao estudo do efeito de compostos naturais sobre infecções endógenas humanas 30,31 , particularmente sobre o biofilme bucal e seus impactos na ecologia microbiana 32 e sobre a cárie dentária 12,13 . Dentre os extratos naturais que tiveram sua atividade inibitória estudada destacam-se o chá-verde japonês 33 , própolis 30 , café 34 , cacau 35 , goiaba 16 , araçá 14,15,17 , além de mate e chá preto 36 . Os ensaios sobre a atividade antimicrobiana do verniz testado sobre os isolados e cepas de S. mutans evidenciaram que o mesmo foi capaz de inibir todos os isolados testados 17 , e como a solubilidade da base do verniz é baixa, reduzindo a difusão dos princípios ativos do extrato de araçá, pode-se ter mais tempo de contato entre os princípios com atividade antimicrobiana e o biofilme.…”