Inhibitory Effect of Whole Grain Paddy Rice Feeding on the Colonization of <i>Campylobacter jejuni </i>in the Cecum of Broiler Chicks

Abstract

To examine the inhibitory effect of whole grain paddy rice diet (WPR) feeding on the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the cecum of broiler chicks, we performed the following examination. Sixty female broiler chicks (14 days of age) were allocated into two groups, thirty birds were fed a ground corn diet (GC) as a control group, and 30 chicks were fed WPR as an examination group. After feeding with the different diets for 16 days, six chicks were selected from each group (12 chicks in total), and each chick was inoculated with 2×10 3 colony-forming units of C. jejuni GTC03263. Forty-eight hours after the bacterial inoculation (the birds continued to be fed with the corresponding diets after the bacterial inoculation), the chicks (six from each group) were killed and dissected to detect bacterial colonization in the cecum. The other six chicks were dissected to weigh the chick gizzard and to measure the pH of its contents. No bacterial colonization was observed in the cecum of chicks in the WPR group, whereas bacteria were found in the cecum of five of six chicks in the GC group. The average ratios of gizzard weight to body weight of the WPR-fed chicks was significantly higher than that of the GC-fed chicks, whereas the average pH value of the gizzard contents was not different between the two groups. These results suggest that WPR feeding in broiler chicks has a positive effect on development of the gizzard muscle and grinding activity of the gizzard. Increased grinding activity may eliminate the regional differences in pH within the gizzard, resulting in less bacterial survival in the gizzard and then less bacterial colonization in the cecum of WPR-fed chicks than in GC-fed chicks.

Effects of a Whole-grain Paddy Rice Diet on the pH Distribution in the Gizzard and Retention Time of Digesta in the Crop of Broiler Chicks

“…Table 10 shows that MRTs of the digesta in the crop were 41 and 115 min in the GC and WPR groups, respectively. We speculate that the longer retention time in the crop of the chicks in the WPR group played an important role in the suppression of Campylobacter in our previous report (Nishii et al, 2015). The reason for this is that Lactobacilli, which are the dominant flora in the crop, suppress the survival of pathogenic bacteria that have entered via the oral route, depending on the contact time with Lactobacilli.…”

“…Chick rearing and feeding procedures were similar to those conducted in our previous study (Nishii et al, 2015). Eighty 1-day-old female broiler chicks (Chunky) were raised in a flock-rearing area that was approximately 2 m 2 in size and covered with sawdust in a windowless broiler house.…”

“…In our previous study (Nishii et al, 2015), we examined the inhibitory effect of a diet containing whole-grain paddy rice on the colonization of C. jejuni in the cecum of broiler chicks and reported that feeding a diet containing 65% Whole-grain paddy rice to broiler chicks from 2 weeks of age significantly inhibited C. jejuni colonization in the cecum of chicks inoculated with the bacteria at 4 weeks of age. We also observed that the mean ratio of gizzard weight to body weight of the chicks fed the whole-grain paddy rice diet was significantly higher than that of control chicks fed a ground corn diet.…”

The Visceral Organ, Gastrointestinal Tract and Blood Characteristics in Pegagan Ducks Fed Ration Fermented by Tape Yeast with Different Moisture Content

“…The gizzard is a muscular organ that plays a role to reduce the particle size of ingested rations and blends them with several digestive enzymes (Nishii et al, 2015). During the fermentation process, S. cerevisiae most likely hydrolyzes the fiber component in the ration into short chains and thus lowers the grinding activity of the gizzard.…”

Field Interventions Against Colonization of Broilers by Campylobacter

“…The gizzard pH was also significantly lower in test diet animals. Another small‐scale investigation compared ground corn with whole‐grain rice diets, concluding that the more fibrous latter diet was associated with greater muscular development of the gizzard and prevention of cecal colonization 2 days after a modest (10 3 cfu) oral challenge with C. jejuni at 30 days of age (Nishii, Yasutomi, & Sone, ).…”