Inhibitory effect of spirulina maxima on the azoxymethane-induced aberrant colon crypts and oxidative damage in mice

Abstract

Background:Spirulina maxima (Sm) is a cyanobacterium well known because of its high nutritive value, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-genotoxic activities.Objective:To determine the capacity of Sm to inhibit the induction of aberrant colon crypts (AC), as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage in mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM).Materials and Methods:Sm (100, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was daily administered to animals by the oral route during 4 weeks, while AOM (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice twice in weeks 2 and 3 of the assay. We also included a control group of mice orally administered with distilled water along the assay, as well as other group orally administered with the high dose of Sm.Results:A significant decrease in the number of AC with the three tested doses of Sm, with a mean protection of 51.6% respect to the damage induced by AOM. Also, with the three doses of the alga, we found a reduction in the level of lipoperoxidation, as well as in regard to the percentage of the DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2’- deoxyguanosine.Conclusion:Sm possesses anti-precarcinogenic potential in vivo, as well as capacity to reduce the oxidative damage induced by AOM.SUMMARY Azoxymethane (AOM) induced a high number of colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also increased the level of peroxidation and of DNA oxidation in the same organ.Spirulina maxima significantly reduced the number of AOM-induced colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also reduced the AOM-induced lipid and DNA oxidation in mouse.The results suggest a chemopreventive potential for the tested algae.

Genotoxic Damage During Brain Development Presages Prototypical Neurodegenerative Disease

“…While the role of cycasin/MAM, or its metabolites (such as formaldehyde) are individually, together, or with other factors, plausibly responsible for triggering ALS/PDC, it appears highly probable that these cycad toxins work primarily through the induction of genomic instability. MAM is widely known as a potent genotoxin that induces alkyl and oxidative DNA lesions ( O 6 -mG, N7-mG, 8-oxoG) in many murine organs, including the brain ( Inagake et al, 1995 ; Sohn et al, 2001 ; Kisby et al, 2011 ; Álvarez-González et al, 2015 ; Steullet et al, 2017 ). The oxidative DNA lesions (8-oxoG) observed in the brain of adolescent rats in the MAM GD-17 rat model most likely occurs via hydroxyradicals formed during autooxidation in the presence of metals such as iron (see Kuhnlein, 1980 ) or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes ( Azizi et al, 2018 ).…”

Protective effect of water extracted Spirulina maxima on glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cell

“…As mentioned above, S. maxima and its component phycocyanin are already well-known to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [ 22 ] Under oxidative stress and immoderate inflammatory responses, the nerve system is prone to be damaged and it can eventually cause neurotoxicity, so antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities become major keywords for neuroprotection. [ 23 ] Based on this, it also demonstrated that S. maxima possesses neuroprotective activity on several cell lines.…”