Inhibitory Effect of Roselle Aqueous Extracts-HPMC 6000 Gel on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of medicinal plants commonly used as beverage herbal medicine. Complexity compounds in the aqueous extracts have provided good antibacterial activity by which growth of Gram negative and positive bacteria are inhibited. The aims of this research were to formulate HPMC 6000 gel containing the extract and investigate inhibitory activity of the extract and its gel formula against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. METHODS: Thin-layer Chromatography on Silica-gel GF254 was used for analyzing flavonoids and Polyphenols using butanol-acetic acid-water (4: 1: 5) and chloroforms-ethyl acetate-formic acid (0.5: 9: 0.5) as eluent, respectively. The serial dilution of aqueous extracts powder in citrate buffer was made to obtain 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05 and 0.02 mg/mL solution. The Roselle aqueous extracts (3%) was formulated as a component of gel containing HPMC 6000 in various concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%). A diffusion agar method on two layers of nutrient agar media was applied using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and gentamicin 25 ppm as bacterial test and standard respectively. After incubating for 24 hours at 37°C, the inhibitory effect was denoted by clear zone around the hole and the inhibitory activity was measured as MIC. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. contained flavonoid and polyphenol compound based on the TLC-chromatogram profile. It was found that the gel formula containing 3% of HPMC 6000 and the aqueous extract 3% gave a good physical characteristic and the lowest MIC (6.0 mg/ml), equivalent to 7.58 ppm of gentamicin standard at 12.0 mg/mL concentration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The HPMC 6000 at 3% (w/w) concentration in Roselle aqueous extracts gel preparation gave good physical characteristics. The gel preparation exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 depicted by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 6.0 mg/mL. The formula 2 is recommended and prospects for further investigated to be implemented as topical preparations.

Molecular Docking of Flavonoids from Extract of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyx on PBP2a as the Basis for Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…The results showed that there was a zone of inhibition form extract at the concentrations of 10%; 5%; 2.5% and the MIC value of roselle extract was 2.5%. According to literature, to inhibit the bacterial growth of MRSA, roselle aqueous extract was used at a MIC 3% (Isnaeni et al, 2020) . Based on the classification of the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth, the MIC value of 2.5% which provides a 10 mm zone of inhibition is classified as potentially strong (Kowalska-Krochmal and Dudek-Wicher, 2021) .…”

“…The pharmacological activity of various parts of the rosela plant has been reported, one of which is roselle flower calyx as an antibacterial (Hassan et al, 2016) . Water extract of roselle flower calyx can inhibit the growth of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.30 + 0.2 mg/mL (Isnaeni et al, 2020) and shows a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value of 178.62 + 3.63 𝜇g/mL (Jung et al, 2013) . Research conducted by Lee et al (2018) showed that the water extract of roselle calyx inhibited the growth of MRSA with MIC of 112-144 𝜇g/mL.…”

The Film of Chitosan-ZnO Nanoparticles-CTAB : Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Study

“…The Application of Film Chitosan-ZnO Nanoparticles-CTAB to S. aureus Three Petri dishes were used in this experiment. The procedure to prepare the inoculum suspension of S. aureus was adopted by Isnaeni et al (2020). The preparation of nutrient agar for used application of lm chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles-CTAB and ready to use are referred to procedure.…”

The Effect of Temperature and Heating Time of Roselle Extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) Powder Solution on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

“…Kemudian plat silika dieluasi menggunakan fase gerak butanol : asam asetat : air (4:1:5). Setelah proses eluasi selesai plat silika dikeringkan di udara kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif dengan penampak noda uap amonia (Isnaeni et al, 2020).…”