Inhibitory Effect of Oleic Acid on Octanoylated Ghrelin Production

Oiso, Shigeru; Nobe, Miyuki; Iwasaki, Syuhei; Nii, Wakana; Goto, Natsumi; Seki, Yukari; Nakajima, Kensuke; Nakamura, Kazuo; Kariyazono, Hiroko

doi:10.5650/jos.ess15137

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In addition, we tested other triterpenes such as asiatic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and betulinic acid. The triterpenes tested above have a carboxylic acid group in a molecule similar to fatty acids that we previously reported as having an inhibitory effect on octanoylated ghrelin production [41,42]. Therefore, we confirmed that the carboxylic acid group on production of octanoylated ghrelin.…”

Section: Effects Of Triterpenes Contained In E Japonica Leaves On Ghsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…As shown in Figure 13, we have developed a cellbased assay system used by AGS-GHRL8 cells to screen for candidate molecules to inhibit octanoylated ghrelin production [41]. We found that fatty acids, such as heptanoic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and oleic acid, decreased octanoylated ghrelin levels [41,42]. Since GOAT recognizes fatty acyl-coenzyme (Co)A molecules, such as octanoyl-, hexanoyl-, and decanoyl-CoA [43], we speculated that the carboxyl group in a molecule is an important functional group for this inhibitory effect.…”

Section: Effects Of Triterpenes Contained In E Japonica Leaves On Ghmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactivities of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Leaf and Its Triterpenes

Uto¹,

Tung²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2017

J Pharmacogn Nat Prod

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The dried leaves of Eriobotrya japonica have traditionally been widely used to treat various diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, cough, inflammation, skin disease, and diabetes. Our previous studies have reported several functions and their molecular mechanisms of E. japonica leaf extract and triterpenes contained in the extract. In this review article, we focus on the effects of E. japonica leaf extract and triterpenes on inflammatory mediators, proliferation of cancer cells, and ghrelin production. 1) The leaf extract of E. japonica suppressed inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 murine macrophage cells. The anti-inflammatory properties of E. japonica leaf extract resulted from inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions through downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation. 2) E. japonica leaves contain triterpenes such as corosolic acid, ursolic acid, maslinic acid, and oleanolic acid. Corosolic acid exterted the strongest anti-proliferative activity in human leukemia cell lines. Moreover, corosolic acid induced apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. 3) Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with an octanoyl modification at serine 3 that is essential for its orexigenic effect. Our investigation of triterpenes from E. japonica, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid suppressed octanoylated ghrelin levels in AGS-GHRL8 cell line, which produces octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid, without decreasing transcript expression of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) or furin.

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Section: Effects Of Triterpenes Contained In E Japonica Leaves On Ghsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Effects Of Triterpenes Contained In E Japonica Leaves On Ghmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivities of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Leaf and Its Triterpenes

Uto¹,

Tung²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2017

J Pharmacogn Nat Prod

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“…PCR was carried out on a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems/Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The reaction mixture containing 10 μL of 2 × Fast SYBR Green Master Mix, 0.4 pmol sense and antisense primers, and 2 μL diluted cDNA (17) was loaded onto a 386-well plate; amplification was carried out under the following conditions: 95°C for 20 s, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 1 s and 60°C for 20 s. The following sense and antisense primers were used: human GOAT, 5′-ACAGCTCGA Triterpenes are phytochemicals consisting of six isoprene units that have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects (2,22,24). Certain triterpenes such as asiatic acid, betulinic acid, corosolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid have shown anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat-diet (4,5,18,19,23,25).…”

Section: Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase (Qrt)-pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGS-GHRL8 cells expressed both GOAT and furin, and produced octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid (16). We used AGS-GHRL8 cells to develop a cell-based assay system to screen for molecules that inhibit octanoylated ghrelin production (16) and found that fatty acids such as heptanoic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and oleic acid decreased octanoylated ghrelin levels (16,17). Since GOAT recognizes fatty acyl-CoA such as octanoyl-, hexanoyl-, and decanoyl-CoA (14), we speculated that the carboxyl group is an important structure for this inhibitory effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGS-GHRL8 cells produce octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid (16). To determine the effect of triterpenes on octanoylated ghrelin production, we compared the levels of octanoylated ghrelin secreted from AGS-GHRL8 cells after adding octanoic acid with or without triterpenes (16,17). AGS-GHRL8 cells were seeded in 12-well plates at 4 × 10 5 cells/well in DMEM and cultured for 24 h. After two washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fresh DMEM containing octanoic acid with or without the test triterpenes was added to each well.…”

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<b>Triterpenes suppress octanoylated ghrelin production in ghrelin-expressing human gastric carcinoma </b><b>cells </b>

et al. 2016

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Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with an octanoyl modification at serine 3 that is essential for its orexigenic effect. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the enzyme that catalyzes ghrelin acylation using fatty acyl-coenzyme A as a substrate. We previously developed an assay system based on the AGS-GHRL8 cell line that produces octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid, and demonstrated that some fatty acids suppressed octanoylated ghrelin production. Recent studies have reported that triterpenes have anti-obesity effect. Since such triterpenes, like fatty acids, have a carboxyl group, we speculated that they can suppress octanoylated ghrelin production. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of triterpenes on octanoylated ghrelin production. Asiatic acid, corosolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid suppressed octanoylated ghrelin levels in AGS-GHRL8 cells without decreasing transcript expression of GOAT or furin, a protease required for ghrelin maturation. β-amyrin had no effect on octanoylated ghrelin level, which was only slightly inhibited by uvaol; the fact that both these triterpenes lack a carboxyl group indicates that this group is important for suppressing octanoylated ghrelin production. These results suggest that triterpenes may have the potential as obesity-preventing agents with suppressive effect on octanoylated ghrelin production.Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that was isolated from rat stomach (11) and induces body weight gain by increasing food intake (12). Ghrelin exists as two isoforms in vivo: octanoylated ghrelin, which has an octanoyl modification at serine 3, and des-acyl ghrelin without acyl modification (9). Only the former stimulates appetite (13). Suppressing octanoylated ghrelin production is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) catalyzes ghrelin octanoylation (1, 7, 26), and one or more prohormone convertases including furin are required to generate mature ghrelin from the proghrelin precursor (21, 27). We previously established the ghrelin-expressing cell line, AGS-GHRL8, by transfecting AGS human gastric carcinoma cells with the human ghrelin gene (16). AGS-GHRL8 cells expressed both GOAT and furin, and produced octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid (16). We used AGS-GHRL8 cells to develop a cell-based assay system to screen for molecules that inhibit octanoylated ghrelin production (16) and found that fatty acids such as heptanoic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and oleic acid decreased octanoylated ghrelin levels (16,17). Since GOAT recognizes fatty acyl-CoA such as octanoyl-, hexanoyl-, and decanoyl-CoA (14), we speculated that the carboxyl group is an important structure for this inhibitory effect.

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An Isolated Dose of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oil Produces a Better Postprandial Gut Hormone Response, Lipidic, and Anti‐Inflammatory Profile that Sunflower Oil: Effect of Morbid Obesity

García‐Serrano

Ho-Plágaro

Santiago‐Fernández

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Introduction This study evaluates the effects of 25 mL of three types of oils [extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO), olive oil (OO), and sunflower oil (SO)] on postprandial (3 h) satiety markers and variables related to metabolic status and inflammation in non‐obese patients (n = 6) and in those with morbid obesity (n = 6), before and 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric by‐pass (RYGB). Methods and Results After EVOO intake, serum acylated ghrelin decreases and GLP1 increases more than with OO and SO. EVOO causes a higher increase of insulin and lower postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and free fatty acid levels than with OO and SO. EVOO decreases TNFα and IL6 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with OO inducing intermediate effects and SO inducing an increase of these proinflammatory markers. These results are observed in non‐obese patients and in those with morbid obesity after RYGB. However, patients with morbid obesity before RYGB show a profound alteration of this response. Conclusion EVOO produces more beneficial effects than OO, which has lower amounts of minor components, and SO, which has PUFA as its main component. RYGB produces an improvement in the metabolic response to all three types of oils in patients with morbid obesity.

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Inhibitory Effect of Oleic Acid on Octanoylated Ghrelin Production

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Bioactivities of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Leaf and Its Triterpenes

Bioactivities of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Leaf and Its Triterpenes

<b>Triterpenes suppress octanoylated ghrelin production in ghrelin-expressing human gastric carcinoma </b><b>cells </b>

An Isolated Dose of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oil Produces a Better Postprandial Gut Hormone Response, Lipidic, and Anti‐Inflammatory Profile that Sunflower Oil: Effect of Morbid Obesity

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