Inhibitory effect of low-molecular-weight peptides (0–3 kDa) from Spirulina platensis on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in L02 human liver cells

Abstract

Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysates were prepared by digesting protein extracts with papain, and the hydrolysates were separated into 30, 10, and 3 kDa weights using membrane ultrafiltration. The 0–3 kDa low-molecular-weight Spirulina peptides (LMWSPs) proved the highest chemical antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging activities and total antioxidant capacity. Cellular antioxidant ability of LMWPs fractions against 2000 μg/mL H2O2 induced oxidative damage of L02 cells were investigated. The MTT assay results displayed that LMWSPs at different concentrations (0–1000 μg/mL) had proliferation effect on the L02 cells and that treatment of the L02 cells with the 1000 μg/mL LMWSPs (0–3 kDa) significantly prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage compared with control cells. Moreover, the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe assay showed that the levels of ROS and NO were significantly lower in the experimental group that was treated with the peptides for 24 h than in the control group. Furthermore, using the corresponding kits, the treatment inhibited the reduction of SOD activity and the increase of MDA contents in the L02 cells. Therefore, LMWSPs (0–3 kDa) may have potential applications in antioxidant and liver health products.

Spirulina platensis peptide-loaded nanoliposomes alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation in Male Wistar Rats by influencing redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway

“…Previous studies have provided information that the anti-obesity effects of spirulina protein or spirulina protein hydrolysates are superior to those of whole spirulina and have shown good glucose and weight reduction (Zhang et al, 2019). The low molecular weight peptides from spirulina exerts an enhanced antioxidant property due to the presence of a high amount of antioxidant amino acids and branch-chain amino acid residues compared to spirulina protein (Ma et al, 2021;Mohammadi et al, 2023). However, the susceptibility of peptides to gastrointestinal digestion and their release pattern are serious challenges that restrict their translation into commercial products (Dumeus et al, 2018;Majura et al, 2022).…”

“…The ratio of enzyme to substrate, pH, temperature, and reaction time were set at 7% (w/w), 8.5, 55 °C, and 10 h, respectively. After hydrolysis, the enzyme activity was stopped by placing the reaction medium in a water bath (90 °C) for 20 min (Ma et al, 2021). The cooled hydrolysates were then subjected to centrifugation at 15000 g and 4 °C for 20 min and then fractioned with 10, 5, and 3 kDa MW cut-off polyethersulphone (PES) ultra ltration membrane (Millipore Co., USA) in ultra ltration centrifuge tubes at 6500 rpm at 4 °C for 30 min.…”

“…Low molecular weight spirulina peptides (0-3 kDa) have been shown to have strong antioxidant activity as well as a variety of potentially bene cial health effects. These include its anti-cancer effects, blood cholesterol and blood pressure reduction, and probiotic effects with relatively high digestibility and low allergenicity (Ma et al, 2021;Mohammadi et al, 2023) Although bioactive peptides have been shown to have numerous bene ts, low bioavailability, hydrophobicity, instability, incompatibility, and bitterness affect its functions and pharmaceutical applications (Bourbon et al, 2019;Gomes and Sobral, 2021).Nanocarrier-based drug delivery methods are considered a promising strategy to protect bioactivity, enable controlled release of bioactive peptides, and overcome the systemic toxicity of conventional drugs (Guha and Majumder, 2019;Hosseini et al, 2017;Ilk et al, 2017). The ability of liposomes to encapsulate hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic compounds makes them ideal carriers for drugs and bioactive substances(Giri et al, 2015; Kharat and McClements, 2019).…”

Protective effects of curcumin/cyclodextrin polymer inclusion complex against hydrogen peroxide‐induced LO2 cells damage

“…Plant phytochemicals are found to be effective hepatoprotective agents, which can prevent all kinds of liver diseases (Cui et al., 2014 ). These phytochemicals, including flavonoids (Liu et al., 2014 ), polysaccharides (Zhang et al., 2017 ), and peptides (Ma et al., 2021 ), play a crucial role in protecting liver from ROS‐mediated damage. Curcumin (CUR) extracted from dry rhizome of Curcuma longa is a diketone compound and has been generally applied in food and Asian medicine (Lu et al., 2015 ).…”

“…These phytochemicals, including flavonoids (Liu et al, 2014), polysaccharides (Zhang et al, 2017), and peptides (Ma et al, 2021), play a crucial role in protecting liver from ROS-mediated damage.…”