Inhibitory effect and mechanism of acarbose combined with gymnemic acid on maltose absorption in rat intestine

Abstract

Subject headings diabetes mellitus; maltose; gymnemic acid; alpha-glucosidases; intestinal mucosa; rats; nutrition Luo H, Wang LF, Imoto T, Hiji Y. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of acarbose combined with gymnemic acid on maltose absorption in rat intestine. World J Gastroenterol, 2001;7(1):9-15 Abstract AIM To compare the combinative and individual effect of acarbose and gymnemic acid (GA) on maltose absorption and hydrolysis in small intestine to determine whether nutrient control in diabetic care can be improved by combination of them. METHODS The absorption and hydrolysis of maltose were studied by cyclic perfusion of intestinal loops in situ and motility of the intestine was recorded with the intestinal ring in vitro using Wistar rats. RESULTS The total inhibitory rate of maltose absorption was improved by the combination of GA (0.1g/L -1.0g/L) and acarbose (0.1mmol/L -2.0mmol/L) throughout their effective duration (P <0.05, U test of Mann-Whitney), although the improvement only could be seen at a low dosage during the first hour. With the combination, inhibitory duration of acarbose on maltose absorption was prolonged to 3 h and the inhibitory effect onset of GA was fastened to 15 min. GA suppressed the intestinal mobility with a good correlation (r = 0.98) to the inhibitory effect of GA on maltose absorption and the inhibitory effect of 2 mmol/L (high dose) acarbose on maltose hydrolysis was dual modulated by 1 g/L GA in vivo indicating that the combined effects involved the functional alteration of intestinal barriers. CONCLUSION There are augmented effects of acarbose and GA,which involve pre-cellular and paracellular barriers. Diabetic care can be improved by employing the combination.

Antidiabetic Properties and Mechanism of Action of Gynura procumbens Water Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…An acarbose concentration of 1 mg/mL produced the greatest reduction in the intestinal absorption of glucose [ 6 , 7 ]. Furthermore, acarbose has been shown to significantly inhibit maltose absorption at concentrations of 0.2 and 2 mM [ 8 ]. In the present study, acarbose significantly reduced glucose absorption at the concentration of 3 mM.…”

Traditional Indian Medicines Used for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

“…It is a potent antidiabetic plant used in ayurvedic preparations. Several studies have proved its antidiabetic potential in animal models [125]; when combined with acarbose it is reported to reduce intestinal transport of maltose in rats [127]. Absorption of free oleic acid in rats has also been reduced [128].…”

Relationship between plasma D(-)-lactate and intestinal damage after severe injuries in rats

“…Apart from their major functions of digestion and absorption of nutrients, the intestines also act as a barrier to prevent micro-organisms and toxins contained within the lumen from spreading to distant tissues and organs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Failure of intestinal barrier function often occurs in many clinical conditions, including hemorrhage shock, severe burn injury, and the surgically critical illness, resulting in the increased intestinal permeability and subsequent translocation of bacteria or/and endotoxin from gut [8][9][10][11][12] .…”