Inhibitory Circuits in Cortical Layer 5

Naka, Alexander; Adesnik, Hillel

doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00035

Cited by 105 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(349 reference statements)

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“…PCs present in L4 do not project to other non-cortical structures, they project exclusively to L2-3. Cortical projections to the striatum and midbrain neurons originate from L5 PCs, which are modulated by a group of PV+, SST+ and VIP+ INs [21]. Finally, Layer VI (L6) receives PC inputs from L2-3 PCs and then projects to the thalamus.…”

Section: Interneurons In Cortico- Striatal Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interneurons in Autism and Tourette Syndrome

Rapanelli

Frick

Pittenger

2017

Trends in Neurosciences

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The brain includes multiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think, feel and interact with the environment. Inhibitory interneurons comprise a small, heterogeneous fraction, but they exert a powerful and tight control over neuronal activity and consequently modulate the magnitude of neuronal output and, ultimately, information processing. Interneuronal abnormalities are linked to two pediatric psychiatric disorders with high comorbidity: autism and Tourette syndrome. Studies probing the basis of this link have been contradictory regarding whether the causative mechanism is a reduction in number, dysfunction or gene aberrant expression (or a combination thereof). Here, we integrate different theories into a more comprehensive view of interneurons as responsible for the symptomatology observed in these disorders.

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Section: Interneurons In Cortico- Striatal Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interneurons in Autism and Tourette Syndrome

Rapanelli

Frick

Pittenger

2017

Trends in Neurosciences

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“…Their only local connections to other L5 excitatory neurons are to other PT cells 66 . However, by targeting inhibitory cells in L5, 5 they are able to reach across layers to influence other excitatory populations, either reducing activity or entraining activity 93 . These disynaptic E→I→E pathways likely play a role in coupling oscillations within and across layers, and in setting frequency bands.…”

Section: Emergence Of Physiological Oscillations and Phase-amplitude mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell classes present in each layer were determined based on mouse M1 studies 51,131,3,141,105,69,93 . IT cell populations were present in all layers, whereas the PT cell population was confined to layer 5B, and the CT cell population only occupied layer 6.…”

Section: Microcircuit Composition: Neuron Locations Densities and Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Durá-Bernal

Neymotin

Suter

et al. 2017

Preprint

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We developed a biologically detailed multiscale model of mouse primary motor cortex (M1) microcircuits, incorporating data from several recent experimental studies. The model simulates at scale a cylindrical volume with a diameter of 300 m and cortical depth 1350 m of M1. It includes over 10,000 cells distributed across cortical layers based on measured cell densities, with close to 30 million synaptic connections. Neuron models were optimized to reproduce electrophysiological properties of major classes of M1 neurons. Layer 5 corticospinal and corticostriatal neuron morphologies with 700+ compartments reproduced cell 3D reconstructions, and their ionic channel distributions were optimized within experimental constraints to reproduce in vitro recordings. The network was driven by the main long-range inputs to M1: posterior nucleus (PO) and ventrolateral (VL) thalamus PO, primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1, S2), contralateral M1, secondary motor cortex (M2), and orbital cortex (OC). The network local and long-range connections depended on pre-and post-synaptic cell class and cortical depth. Data was based on optogenetic circuit mapping studies which determined that connection strengths vary within layer as a function of the neuron's cortical depth. The synaptic input distribution across cell dendritic trees -likely to subserve important neural coding functions -was also mapped using optogenetic methods and incorporated into the model. We employed the model to study the effect on M1 of increased activity from each of the long-range inputs, and of different levels of H-current in pyramidal tract-projecting (PT) corticospinal neurons. Microcircuit dynamics and information flow were quantified using firing rates, oscillations, and information transfer measures (Spectral Granger causality). We evaluated the response to short pulses and long time-varying activity arising from the different long-range inputs. We also studied the interaction between two simultaneous long-range inputs. Simulation results support the hypothesis that M1 operates along a continuum of modes characterized by the degree of activation of intratelencephalic (IT), corticothalamic (CT) and PT neurons. The particular subset of M1 neurons targeted by different long-range inputs and the level of H-current in PT neurons regulated the different modes. Downregulation of H-current facilitated synaptic integration of inputs and increased PT output activity. Therefore, VL, cM1 and M2 inputs with downregulated H-current promoted an PT-predominant mode; whereas PO, S11 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/201707 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 11, 2017; and S2 inputs with upregulated H-current favored an IT-predominant mode, but a mixed mode where upper layer IT cells in turn activated PT cells if H-c...

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“…For L5 pyramidal cells, all excitatory input pathways target the perisomatic dendrites in L5, even if VPm neurons also contact oblique dendrites in L4 and L2/3 inputs also target the apical tuft (Petreanu and Svoboda 2009). For inhibitory inputs, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons target the perisomatic dendrites of L5 pyramidal cells, but somatostatin-expressing interneurons essentially target the apical tuft (reviewed in Naka and Adesnik 2016). The plasticity of inputs from the latter interneuron type cannot be assessed with somatic conductance estimation and need to be explored with alternative methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whisker row deprivation affects the flow of sensory information through rat barrel cortex

Jacob

Mitani

Toyoizumi

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Sensory cortical plasticity is usually quantified by changes in evoked firing rate. In this study we quantified plasticity by changes in sensory detection performance using Chernoff information and receiver operating characteristic analysis. We found that whisker deprivation causes a change in information flow within the cortical layers and that layer 5 regular-spiking cells, despite showing only a small potentiation of short-latency input, show the greatest increase in information content for the spared input partly by decreasing their spontaneous activity.

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Inhibitory Circuits in Cortical Layer 5

Cited by 105 publications

References 256 publications

The Role of Interneurons in Autism and Tourette Syndrome

The Role of Interneurons in Autism and Tourette Syndrome

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Whisker row deprivation affects the flow of sensory information through rat barrel cortex

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