Inhibitory activity of different medicinal extracts from Thuja leaves, ginger roots, Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizomes against Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1) infecting figs in Mecca region

Abstract

Fig leaf mottle-associated virus-1 (FLMaV-1) is a closterovirus newly identified in fig trees, in the Mecca region, suffering from mosaic disease symptoms and apparently is compromising the fig plantation in the country. In the present study, we demonstrated the efficiency of two in vivo experiments including pre and post treatments using Thuja leaf, ginger roots, Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizome extracts on symptoms expression of rooted cuttings infected with FLMaV-1- and their impact on virus multiplication. Results showed that individual treatments with ginger roots and turmeric rhizomes in pre-grafting experiments and Thuja extract following Harmal seeds in post grafting experiments were efficient against symptom development. In addition, results showed that the total photosynthesis pigments; total soluble intracellular proteins and total phenol contents were higher in infected treated cuttings compared with healthy ones, thus it was taken as evidence on a mutual interaction between these extracts and virus multiplication.

Serological and Molecular Detection of Viruses Infecting Fig to Identify the Virus-Free Plants

“…In particular, the presence of FMV in fig trees was high (73.7%) especially in the North Coast region was (100%) of Sultani cultivar if compared to previous reports in Turkey (8.6%) (Caglar et al, 2011), in Tunisian (37%) (El Air et al, 2015) and Iran (7.6%) (Shahmirzaie et al, 2012). While, The incidence of FLMaV-1 was particularly high (78.3%), when compared with that reported from fig orchards of many surrounding countries, including Iran (11%), Syria (4%), Tunisia (33.3%), Lebanon (15%), Saudi Arabia (55%) and Egypt (68.3%) (Elbeaino et al, 2012;Shahmirzaie et al, 2012;El Air et al, 2015;Amal et al, 2015). Also, the incidence of FLMaV-2 was high (50%) than in other countries such as in Tunisia (4.3%), Italy (45%) and Lebanon (36.3%) (Elbeaino et al, 2007;Amal et al, 2015).…”

“…While, The incidence of FLMaV-1 was particularly high (78.3%), when compared with that reported from fig orchards of many surrounding countries, including Iran (11%), Syria (4%), Tunisia (33.3%), Lebanon (15%), Saudi Arabia (55%) and Egypt (68.3%) (Elbeaino et al, 2012;Shahmirzaie et al, 2012;El Air et al, 2015;Amal et al, 2015). Also, the incidence of FLMaV-2 was high (50%) than in other countries such as in Tunisia (4.3%), Italy (45%) and Lebanon (36.3%) (Elbeaino et al, 2007;Amal et al, 2015). FMMaV was looked for in all the surveyed areas, its incidence was relatively lower (35%) than in other countries such as in Tunisia (60%) in cvs.…”

Promising Natural Products in Crop Protection and Food Preservation: Basis, Advances, and Future Prospects

“…Strophanthus speciosus and T. vulgare were also effective against potato virus Y (PVY) in tobacco and tomato plants, respectively [143,145]. uja orientalis extract was effective against eggplant blister mottled virus (EBMV) isolated from eggplant [146], fig leaf mottle-associated virus-1 (FLMaV-1) was identified in fig trees [147], and watermelon mosaic potyvirus (WMV) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were common to watermelon [148,149]. Prickly pear has also exhibited a notable antiviral activity against zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and squash mosaic virus (SqMV) isolated from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) [142].…”

Pharmacological Uses and Health Benefits of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Traditional Asian and Ancient Chinese Medicine, and Modern Practice

“…But, a combination of ginger extracts is more effective in decreasing inflammatory mediators than an individual compound (Lantz et al, 2007). The active ingredients in ginger are thought to reside in its volatile oils (Aldhebiani et al, 2017). The major ingredients in ginger oil are bisabolene, zingiberene, and zingiberol (Moghaddasi and Kashani, 2012).…”