Inhibitors and Promoters of Stone Formation

Fleisch, H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8944-6_21

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Urine from normal people contains single crystals, while those with recurrent disease possess large aggregates of CaOx crystals. Hence, aggregation aids in the progression and worsening of the disease (Fleisch, 1978). Incubation with the extract/fractions of L. prostrata with CaOx crystals (generated from the metastable solutions of Ca 2+ and oxalate) resulted in reduced aggregation of CaOx crystals indicated by lower absorbance as compared to the control (absence of extract/fractions) in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Antiurolithiatic Activity By Inhibition Of Caox Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential ofLepidagathis prostrata: APashanbhedplant

Devkar

Chaudhary

Adepu

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Oxidative stress acts as an essential mediator in the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. Lepidagathis prostrata Dalz. (Acanthaceae) is a Pashanbhed plant that is recommended for the management of urolithiasis; however, no scientific validation has been reported. Objectives: To evaluate the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential of L. prostrata. Materials and methods: Methanol extract (LPM) and fractions; petroleum ether (LPPE), ethyl acetate (LPEA), n-butanol (LPBU) and aqueous (LPAQ) were prepared. In vitro antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by the capacity to inhibit calcium oxalate (CaOx) nucleation and aggregation at different concentrations of extract/fractions (0.04-3 mg/mL) for 30 min. Total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant potential were determined. A validated HPTLC method was performed to quantify lupeol and b-sitosterol. Results: LPEA exhibited the highest dose-dependent inhibition of CaOx nucleation (IC 50 : 336.23 ± 30.79 mg/mL) and aggregation (IC 50 : 149.63 ± 10.31 mg/mL), which was significantly (p50.05) better than standard Cystone Õ . The polar LPBU fraction was enriched with phenols (47.34 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (20.38 ± 0.05 mg QE/g), which correlates with its highest antioxidant potential in DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging and iron chelating activities (IC 50 : 1.18-87.34 mg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the presence of lupeol and b-sitosterol in L. prostrata. Conclusion: The antiurolithiatic activity of L. prostrata is probably mediated through the inhibition of CaOx crystallization. In addition to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, it would act as an excellent agent for the prevention of urolithiasis.

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Section: Antiurolithiatic Activity By Inhibition Of Caox Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential ofLepidagathis prostrata: APashanbhedplant

Devkar

Chaudhary

Adepu

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…In contrast, other theories for stone formation have emerged in the past decade, including the roles of renal tubular damage and cellular dysfunction [8], urinary kidney stone inhibitors and promoters [9], suggesting that SS is not the sole or even predominant risk factor for stone formation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does 24-Hour Urine Supersaturation Predict Stone Composition?

Omar

Tarplin

Mahdy

et al. 2015

World J Nephrol Urol

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“…Calculi contains some proteins normally present in urine, in addition to others arising from injury inflicted by the stones themselves, making it impossible to discriminate between those that bind to the stone as it grows, but play no role in its development (7); the inhibition is generally understood to arise mainly from the non-dialyzable molecules of urine, particularly acid glycoproteins, and acidic glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (8,9). Some inhibitor molecules have been identified, including Tamm-Horsefall Protein, uropontin (10,11), calgranulin (12), bikunin (13), and prothrombin F1 fragment (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D map of proteins from human renal stone matrix and evaluation of their effect on oxalate induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

et al. 2013

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Purpose: Proteins constitute a major portion of the organic matrix of human calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stones and the matrix is considered to be important in stone formation and growth. The present study evaluates the effect of these proteins on oxalate injured renal epithelial cells accompanied by a 2D map of these proteins. Materials and Methods: Proteins were isolated from the matrix of kidney stones containing CaOx as the major constituent using EGTA as a demineralizing agent. The effect of more than 3kDa proteins from matrix of human renal (calcium oxalate) CaOx stones was investigated on oxalate induced cell injury of MDCK renal tubular epithelial cells. A 2D map of >3kDa proteins was also generated followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: The >3kDa proteins enhanced the injury caused by oxalate on MDCK cells. Also, the 2D map of proteins having MW more than 3kDa suggested the abundance of proteins in the matrix of renal stone. Conclusion: Studies indicate that the mixture of >3kDa proteins in the matrix of human renal stones acts as promoter of calcium oxalate crystal nucleation and growth as it augments the renal epithelial cell injury induced by oxalate. The effect of promoters masks the inhibitors in the protein mixture thereby leading to enhanced renal cell injury. 2D map throws light on the nature of proteins present in the kidney stones.

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Inhibitors and Promoters of Stone Formation

Cited by 47 publications

References 101 publications

Evaluation of antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential ofLepidagathis prostrata: APashanbhedplant

Evaluation of antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential ofLepidagathis prostrata: APashanbhedplant

Does 24-Hour Urine Supersaturation Predict Stone Composition?

2D map of proteins from human renal stone matrix and evaluation of their effect on oxalate induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

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