Inhibition, reacquisition, and extinction of approach in rats following frustrative nonreward and approach-avoidance conflict.

The partial reinforcement effect sustained through blocks of continuous water reinforcement

“…In both cases, the effect was very strong. The obtained PREE agrees with the many studies using either food (Robbins, 1971) or sucrose reward (Likely, Little, & Mackintosh, 1971;Tombaugh, McCloskey, & Tombaugh, 1971), as well as with the water studies cited earlier (Gray et ai, 1972;Jenkins & Rigby, 1950;King, 1972;Wilson et aI., 1955). The sustained PRE obtained in this study supports and extends similar findings obtained with food reward (Jenkins, 1962;Leung & Jensen, 1968;Sutherland, Mackintosh, & Wolf, 1965;Theios, 1962).…”

“…It is not known how the surgical effects interact with the type of reward . The second study (King, 1972) is equally difficult to interpret since, prior to the schedule manipulation, the subjects were subjected to an approach-avoidance conflict which was induced by adding a bitter-tasting substance to the water reward. Apparently, the evidence for a traditional PREE with water reward is based on the results of only three studies, namely, those showing response-rate differences (Jenkins & Rigby, 1950), respsonse frequency differences (Wilson et aI., 1955), and those showing speed differences as in the present study.…”