Inhibition of type 5 adenovirus infectivity by periodate oxidation

Abstract

Periodate oxidation of purified type 5 Adenovirus (Ad5) led to a mean loss of infectivity of 6.84 logs. There were no significant differences in adsorption and penetration between oxidized and mock-oxidized virus. However, after infection with oxidized virus, no synthesis of viral structural proteins could be detected and a 78.5% inhibition of viral DNA synthesis was observed. Labelling experiments performed by treating oxidized and mock-oxidized virus with tritiated sodium borohydride revealed that the fiber glycoprotein was one of the proteins labelled in oxidized virus whereas no labelled proteins were detected in non oxidized virus. In addition, it was found that one mol of formaldehyde generated during oxidation of sugar residues was bound per 500 base pairs in oxidized virus. One consequence of this in situ generation of formaldehyde is the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks. The DNA so crosslinked showed different patterns of restriction fragments with endonucleases such as Hpa I, Hind III and Kpn I but not with Xho I.

Adenovirus complexed with polyethylene glycol and cationic lipid is shielded from neutralizing antibodies in vitro

“…Although direct coupling of PEG to the vector by chemical modification could coat and protect the virus, chemical modification significantly decreased infection (Ref. 28 and unpublished observations). Therefore, we used a cationic lipid to couple PEG to the virus noncovalently.…”

Virion glycosylation governs integrity and infectivity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

“…serine, threonine and cysteine cannot be totally excluded (Dreesman & Suriano 1976; Shraishi, Shirachi, Ishida & Sekine 1978). Periodate oxidation of adenovirus types 7 and 14 reduces the haemagglutinating activity against rhesus monkey red blood cells with a parallel loss of infectivity (Dreesman & Suriano 1976; Ogier et al. 1994).…”

“…1994). Likewise, a reduction in infectivity of more than six orders of magnitude is seen upon periodate treatment of adenovirus type 5 (Ogier et al. 1994).…”

“…To quench any potential action of appearing aldehyde groups, glycine was added to a final concentration of 0.15 m prior to the addition of NaIO 4 . The oxidative reactions were stopped after 1 h of incubation at room temperature (22 °C) in the dark by the addition of sodium sulphite to yield a final concentration of 60 m m (Ogier, Michal, Thomas, Quash & Rodwell 1994). Virion samples were subsequently analysed by rate‐zonal centrifugation in glycerol gradients for migrational profiles, infectivity and in some series for attachment to CHSE‐214 cells.…”

Immobilization of NaIO4‐treated heparin on PEG‐modified 316L SS surface for high anti‐thrombin‐III binding

“…22 Sodium periodate (SP) is a commonly-used oxidizing agent that is able to oxidize sugar residues at points where adjacent carbon atoms contain hydroxyl groups. 23 Once the hydroxyl group of heparin is oxidized to an aldehyde group, the heparin can be immobilized onto a test surface without the loss of the particular carboxyl groups of heparin that are responsible for its anticoagulant activity.…”