Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain

Abstract

In contrast to most modern pharmaceuticals, probiotics are used in many parts of the world with little or no research data on the complex system of interactions that each strain may elicit in the human body. Research on probiotics has recently become more significant, as probiotics have begun to be prescribed by clinicians as an alternative for some gut infections, especially when antibiotics are contraindicated. This study attempted to elucidate the inhibitory interaction between the Japanese probiotic strain Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) and the hospital pathogen Clostridium difficile, which is responsible for a large proportion of antibioticassociated diarrhoea and colitis. CBM588 has previously shown effectiveness against C. difficile in vivo, and here it was found that the toxicity of C. difficile in in vitro co-culture with CBM588 was greatly decreased or absent. This was dependent on the inoculation ratio and was not accounted for by the small degree of growth and mRNA inhibition observed. CBM588 and its cell-free supernatant also had no effect on toxin already secreted into the culture medium, and culture of the two strains separated by a semi-permeable membrane resulted in loss of the inhibition. Therefore, it was concluded that the detoxification probably occurred by the inhibition of toxin protein production and that this required close proximity or contact between the two species. The low-pH conditions caused by organic acid secretion were also observed to have inhibitory effects on C. difficile growth, metabolism and toxicity.

The Vitro Fermentation of Six Functional Oligosaccharides by Clostridium butyricum TK2 and Clostridium butyricum CB8

“…The amounts and types of SCFA produced depend on the type of non-digestible oligosaccharides as well as on the composition of the intestinal flora (Sako et al, 1999). The production of SCFA results in decrease of pH in the colon to inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic bacterium and stimulate the growth of the beneficial bacteria (Cherrington et al, 1991;Van Immerseel et al, 2002;Van Immerseel et al, 2004;Defoirdt et al, 2006;Woo et al, 2011). In particular butyrate promotes apoptosis and inhibits growth of cancer cells in vitro (Hague et al, 1995) and plays a protective role against colorectal cancer in vivo (Avivi-Green et al, 2001;Perrin et al, 2001).…”

A breakthrough in probiotics: Clostridium butyricum regulates gut homeostasis and anti-inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease

“…J Gastroenterol (2015) 50:928-939 933 beneficial anti-inflammatory effect in animals [98], improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [99,100] and preventing Clostridium difficile infection [101,102]. Although CBM588 has a protective role in some diseases, the precise mechanism by which it exerts its protective anti-inflammatory effect remains unknown.…”

Three New Lactobacillus plantarum Strains in the Probiotic Toolbox against Gut Pathogen Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium

“…This is a crucial step in colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract and is important for competitive exclusion of enteropathogens (11,12). An important feature is also antagonistic activity against gut pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium diffi cile (13)(14)(15).…”