Inhibition of Th1 activation and differentiation by dietary guar gum ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Fettig, Naomi M; Robinson, Hannah G; Allanach, Jessica R.; Davis, Katherine M.; Simister, Rachel L.; Wang, Elsie J; Sharon, Andrew J; Ye, Jiayu; Popple, Sarah; Seo, Jung Hee; Gibson, Deanna L.; Crowe, Sean A.; Horwitz, Marc S.; Osborne, Lisa C.

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111328

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Although most monosaccharides and disaccharides are hydrolyzed and absorbed in the small intestine, many dietary oligosaccharides and polysaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed by host enzymes and pass undigested into the large intestine, where they are readily fermented by bacteria. One such carbohydrate is guar gum ( 46 ), a galactomannan polysaccharide comprising a linear backbone of β-1,4-linked mannose residues with randomly attached β-1,6-linked galactose residues, a structure that cannot be digested by the mammalian host ( 47 ). We hypothesized that mice on this diet would undergo increased fermentation and acidification in their large intestines relative to mice on a standard diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-strain behavior predicts responses to environmental pH and osmolality in the gut microbiota

Pannu

Liu

et al. 2023

mBio

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Changes to gut environmental factors such as pH and osmolality due to disease or drugs correlate with major shifts in microbiome composition; however, we currently cannot predict which species can tolerate such changes or how the community will be affected. Here, we assessed the growth of 92 representative human gut bacterial strains spanning 28 families across multiple pH values and osmolalities in vitro . The ability to grow in extreme pH or osmolality conditions correlated with the availability of known stress response genes in many cases, but not all, indicating that novel pathways may participate in protecting against acid or osmotic stresses. Machine learning analysis uncovered genes or subsystems that are predictive of differential tolerance in either acid or osmotic stress. For osmotic stress, we corroborated the increased abundance of these genes in vivo during osmotic perturbation. The growth of specific taxa in limiting conditions in isolation in vitro correlated with survival in complex communities in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of diet-induced intestinal acidification. Our data show that in vitro stress tolerance results are generalizable and that physical parameters may supersede interspecies interactions in determining the relative abundance of community members. This study provides insight into the ability of the microbiota to respond to common perturbations that may be encountered in the gut and provides a list of genes that correlate with increased ability to survive in these conditions. IMPORTANCE To achieve greater predictability in microbiota studies, it is crucial to consider physical environmental factors such as pH and particle concentration, as they play a pivotal role in influencing bacterial function and survival. For example, pH is significantly altered in various diseases, including cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, as well in the case of over-the-counter drug use. Additionally, conditions like malabsorption can affect particle concentration. In our study, we investigate how changes in environmental pH and osmolality can serve as predictive indicators of bacterial growth and abundance. Our research provides a comprehensive resource for anticipating shifts in microbial composition and gene abundance during complex perturbations. Moreover, our findings underscore the significance of the physical environment as a major driver of bacterial composition. Finally, this work emphasizes the necessity of incorporating physical measurements into animal and clinical studies to better understand the factors influencing shifts in microbiota abundance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-strain behavior predicts responses to environmental pH and osmolality in the gut microbiota

Pannu

Liu

et al. 2023

mBio

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“…The supplementation of diet with fibers is proposed as a supplement strategy for MS patients due to their reduced abundance in the “western diet” ( 43 ). Dietary fiber can be either soluble or insoluble and fermentable or non-fermentable complex carbohydrates.…”

Section: Dietary Factors In Eae and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the reduction in SCFA-producing microbes and increase in long-chain fatty acids, the cellulose-rich diet demonstrated beneficial effects ( 3 ). The fermentable dietary fiber guar gum reported increased SCFAs and significantly delayed EAE ( 43 ). A notable mention that might benefit from additional gut microbiome studies is pomegranate peel extract which increased Lactobacillaceae and reduced the severity of EAE ( 52 ).…”

Section: Dietary Factors In Eae and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome-modulated dietary strategies in EAE and multiple sclerosis

et al. 2023

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Over the last few decades, the incidence of multiple sclerosis has increased as society’s dietary habits have switched from a whole foods approach to a high fat, high salt, low dietary fiber, and processed food diet, termed the “Western diet.” Environmental factors, such as diet, could play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis due to gut microbiota alterations, gut barrier leakage, and subsequent intestinal inflammation that could lead to exacerbated neuroinflammation. This mini-review explores the gut microbiome alterations of various dietary strategies that improve upon the “Western diet” as promising alternatives and targets to current multiple sclerosis treatments. We also provide evidence that gut microbiome modulation through diet can improve or exacerbate clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis, highlighting the importance of including gut microbiome analyses in future studies of diet and disease.

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“…Therefore, SCFAs can prevent gut dysbiosis by inhibiting the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. Importantly, dietary fiber and SCFAs have been shown to inhibit CNS autoimmunity in vivo through the differentiation of Tregs and the inhibition of pathogenic Th cells [88,89]. Tregs differentiation is mediated by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and/or the enhanced acetylation of the Foxp3 gene by SCFAs through the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity [38,90].…”

Section: Effect Of Diet On the Gut-immune Axis In Ms 41 High-fiber Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy

Yadav,

Ito,

Dhib-Jalbut

2023

IJMS

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The bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion), as well as the development of the mucosal immune system. Conversely, the gut can influence the CNS via intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and gut-homing immune cells. Growing evidence suggests that gut immunity is critically involved in gut–brain communication during health and diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The gut microbiota can influence the development and function of gut immunity, and conversely, the innate and adaptive mucosal immunity can influence microbiota composition. Gut and systemic immunity, along with gut microbiota, are perturbed in MS. Diet and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can affect the composition of the gut microbial community, leading to changes in gut and peripheral immunity, which ultimately affects MS. A high-fat diet is highly associated with gut dysbiosis-mediated inflammation and intestinal permeability, while a high-fiber diet/short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can promote the development of Foxp3 Tregs and improvement in intestinal barrier function, which subsequently suppress CNS autoimmunity in the animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or EAE). This review will address the role of gut immunity and its modulation by diet and DMTs via gut microbiota during MS pathophysiology.

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Inhibition of Th1 activation and differentiation by dietary guar gum ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 88 publications

Single-strain behavior predicts responses to environmental pH and osmolality in the gut microbiota

Single-strain behavior predicts responses to environmental pH and osmolality in the gut microbiota

Gut microbiome-modulated dietary strategies in EAE and multiple sclerosis

Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy

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