Inhibition of³H-Leucine Incorporation by Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Maize and Wheat Tissue

Abstract

The trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) and T-2 toxin, Sensitivity to DON was not correlated with susceptibility to ear rot by a inhibited 3 H-leucine incorporation into acetone:ethanol insoluble material DON-producing strain of Gibberella zeae (anamorph = Fusarium gramiby maize and wheat tissue (leaf disks and kernel sections). These nearum) for six maize lines with a range of disease reactions from highly compounds are known to inhibit protein synthesis in animals and yeast. susceptible to highly resistant. However, the ID 50 for one moderately The toxin concentrations that gave ID 50 (50% reduction) for 3 H-leucine resistant line (A509) was 2.3 times greater than the IDs0 of the most incorporation by several maize varieties were 0.9 1-M T-2 toxin and 9-22 susceptible line (B79). 3 H-Leucine incorporation by wheat and maize was /yM DON. ID 50 values for wheat were 0.26 M M T-2 toxin and 4.5 pM DON. inhibited by DON and T-2 toxin at concentrations occurring in naturally T-2 toxin gave near-maximum inhibition in leaf tissue within 5 min after infected tissue, suggesting the need for further evaluation of these exposure to the toxin. T-2 toxin or its effects on 3 H-leucine incorporation compounds as plant disease determinants. persisted at least 120 min after removal of leaf disks from toxin solutions.

Functional analysis of the β2‐tubulin gene of Fusariumgraminearum and the β‐tubulin gene of Botrytiscinerea by homologous replacement

“…Mung bean broth (MBB) was prepared for conidium production . Potato sucrose agar (PSA) was used for routine culture and in tests for MBC sensitivity.…”

Selection and Evaluation of Microorganisms for Biocontrol of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Incited by Gibberella zeae

“…The primary causal agent of scab of wheat in North America, Gibberella zeae (anamorph = Fusarium graminearum), can produce potent toxins, such as the estrogenic toxin zearalenone (8) and the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) (14,22). DON can inhibit amino acid incorporation and protein production in plant tissues (4), and grain heavily contaminated by the toxin is frequently unsuitable for human consumption and may be refused as feed (27). Infection of wheat kernels by G. zeae reduces grain yield and affects grain quality (5).…”

Resistance in winter wheat lines to deoxynivalenol applied into florets at flowering stage and tolerance to phytotoxic effects on yield

“…Because of known DON toxicity to humans and animals, wheat cultivars with low or no DON are desirable for wheat growers, processors and consumers (Bai & Shaner, 2004). In addition to its effects on animals, DON also inhibits protein synthesis in plant ribosomes, causing chlorosis, necrosis and wilting in plants (Casale & Hart, 1988). Further research (Feinberg & McLaughlin, 1989) determined that DON binds to a single site on the 60S ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptidyltransferase activity, which is required for polypeptide elongation and termination.…”