Inhibition of steady-state intestinal absorption of long-chain triglyceride by medium-chain triglyceride in the unanesthetized rat

Clark, Susanne Bennett; Holt, Peter R.

doi:10.1172/jci106189

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Breath samples for 13 CO 2 measurements were collected into 10‐ml tubes (Exetainer; Labco, Buckinghamshire, UK) at baseline (two samples for pooled baseline) and at 15‐min intervals thereafter for a total of 4 h. No more food or drinks were allowed until the end of the study period. Ghoos et al (12) were the first to report the technique for measuring gastric emptying based on the use of 13 C‐octanoic acid, a medium chain fatty acid that is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum and metabolized in the liver (16). After oxidation, the resulting 13 CO 2 is excreted into breath at a level which can be measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS).…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Berthold¹,

Unverdorben²,

Degenhardt³

et al. 2008

Obesity

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2CM3, a highly cross-linked cellulose in capsule form, expands in the stomach to a size several fold of its original volume. It is purported to induce a prolonged feeling of satiation and a delay in gastric emptying, thus promoting weight loss. We examined whether CM3 delays gastric emptying (using the stable isotope 13 C-octanoic breath test) and whether it influences subjective feelings of appetite sensations (using visual analog scales, VASs). We performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial in 19 moderately obese but otherwise healthy subjects (mean age 55 ± 9 years, BMI 31.1 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 ). The subjects were treated with six capsules of CM3 or matching placebo 30 min before a standardized solid meal. Breath collection and VASs were performed over 4 h every 15 min and 30 min, respectively. Half-excretion time of 13 CO 2 in breath, indicating gastric emptying half time, was the primary outcome parameter. The study was powered to detect a change in gastric emptying of 20-30 min. Mean 13 CO 2 half-excretion time changed from 2.3 ± 0.4 to 2.4 ± 0.33 h (mean difference +6 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3 to +15 min; P = 0.17). Appetite sensations (hunger, satiation, fullness, prospective food consumption, desire to eat something sweet, salty, savory, or fatty) changed over time during the course of the postprandial phase but were not influenced by CM3 (repeated measures ANOVA). In obese subjects, acute administration of the weight-loss supplement CM3 does not delay gastric emptying and does not influence subjective appetite sensations.

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Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Berthold¹,

Unverdorben²,

Degenhardt³

et al. 2008

Obesity

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“…13 C octanoate and 13 C acetate BTs have been used to measure GE of solid and liquid phases with different test meals. In 1993, Ghoos et al were the first to report a novel technique based on the use of 13C octanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid which is naturally present in human food, and is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum and metabolized in the liver [18,[21][22][23]. Following oxidation, the resulting 13 CO 2 is excreted into breath at a level which can easily be detected and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry or non-dispersive infrared spectrometry [5,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath tests in pediatrics

Anania

Pacifico

Olivero

et al. 2008

Clinica Chimica Acta

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“…However, these disadvantages are not involved when stable isotopes are used. In 1993, Ghoos et al 3 were the first to report a novel technique based on the use of 13 C octanoic acid, a medium chain fatty acid which is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum and metabolised in the liver 45 Following oxidation, the resulting 13 CO 2 is excreted into breath at a level which can easily be detected and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry 6.…”

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confidence: 99%

13C octanoic acid breath test

Galmiche

Delbende

Perri

et al. 1998

Gut

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Although scintigraphy, a non-invasive procedure, is usually considered to be the reference technique for measuring gastric emptying in humans, 1 several drawbacks limit its application in routine practice. Expensive equipment is required and access to a nuclear medicine department, and the use of radioactive isotopes (generally 99m Tc and 111 In) can produce low but significant irradiation.2 It is diYcult to repeat the technique at frequent intervals or to use it with certain patients such as children or pregnant women. However, these disadvantages are not involved when stable isotopes are used. In 1993, Ghoos et al 3 were the first to report a novel technique based on the use of 13 C octanoic acid, a medium chain fatty acid which is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum and metabolised in the liver.4 5 Following oxidation, the resulting 13 CO 2 is excreted into breath at a level which can easily be detected and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.6 After validation of the 13 C octanoic breath test in healthy subjects, the same authors developed several applications, including pathophysiological and pharmacological studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the test has not been validated on a large scale by other groups. Initial work of Choi et al was less promising, 13 but a recent report from the same team did find a statistically significant correlation between scintigraphy and breath test. 14The purpose of the international multicentric study reported in abstract 1 was twofold: firstly, to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of the test on a large scale by reference to gastric scintigraphy, regarded as the gold standard; and secondly, to define the reference values for clinical, pharmacological, and pathophysiological studies. To facilitate comparison with the Ghoos study, the mathematical model developed by their group was used, 3 15 but applied to diVerent European countries including France, Italy, and Germany. Scintigraphic gastric emptying curves were calculated and fitted using a power exponential function (Weibell model) for the solid curves. 16 Results of solid gastric emptying measurements were expressed as half emptying time (t 1/2s ) as previously reported by Lartigue et al. 17 In abstract 2 a comparison was made of gastric emptying rates with and without an overnight fast and the conclusion was drawn that due to the lack of an apparent circadian rhythm, gastric emptying studies could be done at diVerent times of day.The application of the 13 C octanoic acid breath test to study gastric emptying in the paediatric population is described in abstract 3. The non-invasive nature of the test is ideal for this age group, but further standardisation of test meals and validation of methodology is required.Abstract 4 describes a novel measurement of gastric emptying using 2 H octanoic acid. Deuterium enters the body water pool after oxidation of the substrate and is then slowly eliminated. This method has potential for measuring gastric emptying in addition to another event by a conventio...

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Inhibition of steady-state intestinal absorption of long-chain triglyceride by medium-chain triglyceride in the unanesthetized rat

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Breath tests in pediatrics

13C octanoic acid breath test

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