“…Moreover, low-fidelity polymerase pol VICE391 (RumA’2B) encoded by conjugative transposone R391 could further promote higher levels of spontaneous SOS mutagenesis, partly because of the longer binding time of RumB to genomic DNA ( Walsh et al, 2019 ). While the mechanisms of some prophage inducers (for example, diet, clove, stevia, grapefruit seed extract, and aspartame)-mediated prophage activation have remained poorly understood, inflammation (e.g., reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, and hypochlorite), dietary fructose, nitric oxide, SCFAs, β-lactam antibiotics, and hydrogen peroxide have been shown to induce phage production by activating the SOS response in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium ( S .Tm) SL1344, L. reuteri 6475, EHEC O157, Lactococcus lactis NZ9000, Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli MG1655, respectively ( Maiques et al, 2006 ; Howe et al, 2016 ; Diard et al, 2017 ; Ichimura et al, 2017 ; Bloch et al, 2018 ; Kim and Bae, 2018 ; Oh et al, 2019 ; Boling et al, 2020 ).…”