Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase expression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> causes a lesion‐mimic phenotype that induces systemic acquired resistance

Molina, Antonio; Volrath, Sandra; Guyer, Dave; Maleck, Klaus; Ryals, John; Ward, Eric

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00420.x

Cited by 115 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In contrast, the reason for the in vitro inhibition of CAT at higher concentration of SA (5 and 10 mM) and/or no inhibitory effect on APX and POX is not known and warrants further study. To explain in another way, SA is known to inhibit heme content of the plant (Molina et al, 1999). Salicylic acid-mediated inhibition of heme containing cytochromes (Cytochrome f 554 ) has been reported in our earlier study (Sahu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Changes in growth, pigment content and antioxidants in the root and leaf tissues of wheat plants under the influence of exogenous salicylic acid

Sahu

Sabat

2011

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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The effect of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on the growth, pigment content and the activity of antioxidants was investigated in the laboratory grown wheat plants. The root and shoot growth was affected at higher concentration of SA in early days of growth. The activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaicol-specific peroxidase (POX) declined with the application of SA (50, 500 and 1000 µM), the decrease being more pronounced with the increase in SA concentrations both in the root and leaf tissues. On the other hand superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with the application of SA. At low concentrations, SA has no effect on the activities of these enzymes in vitro. Salicylic acid at higher concentrations (5-and 10 mM) though inhibited CAT activity, the activities of APX and POX remain unchanged. High concentration of SA increased the level of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde both in root and leaf tissues. Thus, SA though has been reported to be a signal molecule for inducing various physiological and morphological attributes in plants, this study indicated the negative effect of the compound on growth and the activity of major enzymatic antioxidants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Changes in growth, pigment content and antioxidants in the root and leaf tissues of wheat plants under the influence of exogenous salicylic acid

Sahu

Sabat

2011

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…Several previous studies reported that PPO1 mediates the plant defense response, resistance to peroxidizing herbicide, and drought tolerance (29)(30)(31). These roles of PPO1 are directly linked to the photosensitizing and oxidizing properties of porphyrins, which are synthesized in the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzyme protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase 1 is required for plastid RNA editing

Zhang

Tang

Hedtke

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

106

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RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process that covalently alters the sequence of RNA molecules and plays important biological roles in both animals and land plants. In flowering plants, RNA editing converts specific cytidine residues to uridine in both plastid and mitochondrial transcripts. Previous studies identified pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif-containing proteins as site-specific recognition factors for cytidine targets in RNA sequences. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying RNA editing was largely unknown. Here, we report that protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase 1 (PPO1), an enzyme that catalyzes protoporphyrinogen IX into protoporphyrin IX in the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, plays an unexpected role in editing multiple sites of plastid RNA transcripts, most of which encode subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH), in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORFs), including MORF2, MORF8, and MORF9, that interact with PPO1. We found that two conserved motifs within the 22-aa region at the N terminus of PPO1 are essential for its interaction with MORFs, its RNA editing function, and subsequently, its effect on NDH activity. However, transgenic plants lacking key domains for the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic activity of PPO1 exhibit normal RNA editing. Furthermore, MORF2 and MORF9 interact with three PPRs or related proteins required for editing of ndhB and ndhD sites. These results reveal that the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzyme PPO1 is required for plastid RNA editing, acting as a regulator that promotes the stability of MORF proteins through physical interaction. metabolism | organelle | editosome R NA editing, the process of covalently altering the sequence of an RNA molecule, generates protein diversity in eukaryotes (1, 2). Generally, in land plants, RNA editing highly specifically converts cytidine to uridine nucleotides in transcripts of both plastid and mitochondrial genes (3); 34 cytidine residues in plastids and more than 500 residues in mitochondria have been reported to be editing target sites in Arabidopsis thaliana (4, 5). A series of studies identified members of the PLS subfamily of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif-containing proteins as the site-specific recognition factors for cytidine targets (6). These specific PPR trans-acting proteins recognize cis elements within a region of ∼30 nt within the sites to be edited (1, 6-11). Although the DYW domains of some PPR factors contain several conserved residues with a cytidine deaminase motif (12), the enzyme that executes the editing reaction is elusive. Two recent reports documented that members of multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORFs)/RNA editing factor interacting proteins (RIPs) widely affect RNA editing sites in both mitochondria and plastids (13,14). Organelle RNA recognition motif protein 1, which contains two truncated RIP domains, is also essential for plastid RNA editing (15). These studies reveal additional components of the plant organel...

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“…Inhibition of protox in Arabidopsis leads to production of lesion-mimic phenotype, high endogenous level of salicylic acid and PR1 gene expression. 90 Overexpression of plastidic protox leads to resistance to the DPE herbicide acifluorfen. The overexpressed plants did not show any necrotic leaves.…”

Section: Nadph Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species generation and signaling in plants

Tripathy

Oelmüller²

2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

586

304

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Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase expression in Arabidopsis causes a lesion‐mimic phenotype that induces systemic acquired resistance

Cited by 115 publications

References 91 publications

Changes in growth, pigment content and antioxidants in the root and leaf tissues of wheat plants under the influence of exogenous salicylic acid

Changes in growth, pigment content and antioxidants in the root and leaf tissues of wheat plants under the influence of exogenous salicylic acid

Tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzyme protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase 1 is required for plastid RNA editing

Reactive oxygen species generation and signaling in plants

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