Inhibition of Pigmentation in Aspergillus Niger by Dimethylsulfoxide

Carley, H. E.; Watson, R. D.; Huber, D. M.

doi:10.1139/b67-147

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…First, we studied the impact of increasing concentrations of DMSO on colonies aspects and more specifically conidial pigmentation, which we used as a basis to select two working doses. Researchers were attracted very early by this main morphological impact of this molecule, namely the conidial depigmentation [23,24]. In our assay, the loss of pigmentation was present from the first tested concentration (17.6 mM) but better macroscopically detectable from 35.2 mM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The depigmented conidia resulting from DMSO treatment were observed in other toxinogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger [23] or Penicillium expansum (personal communication). To enlarge our approach to study mycotoxinogenesis regulative mechanisms, the impact of DMSO could be tested on other fungal species producing other mycotoxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…They reported changes in conidial aspect and germination as well as an inhibition of colony pigmentation in all fungi treated with DMSO. Its inhibitory effect on conidial pigmentation is long known in A. niger [23] and A. flavus [24], but no more recent studies have further investigated the biological effects of DMSO on fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide Affects Physiology, Transcriptome and Secondary Metabolism of Aspergillus flavus

Costes

Lippi

Naylies

et al. 2021

JoF

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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DSMO) is a simple molecule widely used because of its great solvating ability, but this solvent also has little-known biological effects, especially on fungi. Aspergillus flavus is a notorious pathogenic fungus which may contaminate a large variety of crops worldwide by producing aflatoxins, endangering at the same time food safety and international trade. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of DMSO on A. flavus including developmental parameters such as germination and sporulation, as well as its transcriptome profile using high-throughput RNA-sequencing assay and its impact on secondary metabolism (SM). After DMSO exposure, A. flavus displayed depigmented conidia in a dose-dependent manner. The four-day exposition of cultures to two doses of DMSO, chosen on the basis of depigmentation intensity (35 mM “low” and 282 mM “high”), led to no significant impact on fungal growth, germination or sporulation. However, transcriptomic data analysis showed that 4891 genes were differentially regulated in response to DMSO (46% of studied transcripts). A total of 4650 genes were specifically regulated in response to the highest dose of DMSO, while only 19 genes were modulated upon exposure to the lowest dose. Secondary metabolites clusters genes were widely affected by the DMSO, with 91% of clusters impacted at the highest dose. Among these, aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and ustiloxin B clusters were totally under-expressed. The genes belonging to the AFB1 cluster were the most negatively modulated ones, the two doses leading to 63% and 100% inhibition of the AFB1 production, respectively. The SM analysis also showed the disappearance of ustiloxin B and a 10-fold reduction of cyclopiazonic acid level when A. flavus was treated by the higher DMSO dose. In conclusion, the present study showed that DMSO impacted widely A. flavus’ transcriptome, including secondary metabolism gene clusters with the aflatoxins at the head of down-regulated ones. The solvent also inhibits conidial pigmentation, which could illustrate common regulatory mechanisms between aflatoxins and fungal pigment pathways. Because of its effect on major metabolites synthesis, DMSO should not be used as solvent especially in studies testing anti-aflatoxinogenic compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide Affects Physiology, Transcriptome and Secondary Metabolism of Aspergillus flavus

Costes

Lippi

Naylies

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Schiuchetti et al (1965) used DMSO to increase penetration of a growth retardant into Datura tatula. In the case of fungi, Carley et al (1967) observed that DMSO temporarily blocked the pigmentation of eonidia of Aspergillus niger; whereas Bean et al (1969) determined that DMSO completely blocked the eonidia pigmentation in A. flavus. On the other hand, Tillman and Bean (1970) found that DMSO in concentrations ranging from 0--to 50000 ppm did not effect the mycelial growth or sporulation of Fusarium roseum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on growth, sporulation and spore germination ofRhizopus arrhizus Fischer

1972

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Influences of various levels of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) ranging from 0.04--1.28 M on growth, sporulation and spore germination of t~hizopus arrhizus in liquid and semi-solid media were investigated. Light enhanced the inhibitory effect of DMSO on growth and sporulation in both media. Inhibition of spore germination was observed with direct treatment with DMSO. The inhibition was higher in spores obtained from cultures grown on the DMSO semi-solid media.In plants, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been used to enhance the penetration of fungicides and pesticides (Bean, 1965;Keil, 1965;Leonard, 1967). Jacob et al. (1964) found that DMSO acts as a protective agent in freezing mammalian cells. They also found that DMSO enhanced the cell permeability in plant and animal tissues. Because of this combina$ion of low mammalian toxicity and enhanced membrane penetration, DMSO becomes an attractive solvent for biological investigations. Schiuchetti et al. (1965) used DMSO to increase penetration of a growth retardant into Datura tatula. In the case of fungi, Carley et al. (1967) observed that DMSO temporarily blocked the pigmentation of eonidia of Aspergillus niger; whereas Bean et al. (1969) determined that DMSO completely blocked the eonidia pigmentation in A. flavus. On the other hand, Tillman and Bean (1970) found that DMSO in concentrations ranging from 0--to 50000 ppm did not effect the mycelial growth or sporulation of Fusarium roseum. Below 50000 ppm of DMS0, the percentage of spore germination was reduced, and at 50000 ppm, germination of F. roseum spores was completely inhibited (Tillman and Bean, 1970). The present investigation reports the effects of DMSO on growth, sporulation, and spore germination of Rhizopus arrhizus. Materials and Methods Rhizopus arrhizu8Fischer was originally isolated from infected peaches in California. The culture was maintained on potato dextrose agar.

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