Inhibition of Pathogen Adhesion by Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles

Abstract

Anti‐adhesion therapies interfere with the bacterial adhesion to the host and thus avoid direct disruption of bacterial cycles for killing, which may alleviate resistance development. Herein, an anti‐adhesion nanomedicine platform is made by wrapping synthetic polymeric cores with bacterial outer membranes. The resulting bacterium‐mimicking nanoparticles (denoted “OM‐NPs”) compete with source bacteria for binding to the host. The “top‐down” fabrication of OM‐NPs avoids the identification of the adhesins and bypasses the design of agonists targeting these adhesins. In this study, OM‐NPs are made with the membrane of Helicobacter pylori and shown to bind with gastric epithelial cells (AGS cells). Treatment of AGS cells with OM‐NPs reduces H. pylori adhesion and such anti‐adhesion efficacy is dependent on OM‐NP concentration and its dosing sequence.

Cell-Membrane-Mimicking Nanodecoys against Infectious Diseases

“…Compared to cell-membrane-derived vesicles, the cell-membrane-coated nanostructures are not prone to membrane fusion and therefore do not transfer detained pathogens to host cells. 48,49 In addition, due to the core−shell structure, the lipid membrane shell is stabilized by the nanoparticle core, benefiting in vivo applications. 20,50…”

Recent Advances of Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…Cell membrane-coated drug-loaded nanomaterials Good biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity [19][20][21][22] Cell membrane-coated drug-self-assembly nanomaterials [25] Template Cell membrane-coated nanogels Guiding the core formation [27] Nanoreactor Cell membrane-coated a single natural enzyme Improving the stability of enzymes or nanoenzymes in circulation [28,29] Cell membrane-coated a single nanozyme [30] Cell membrane-coated multiple natural enzymes [31,32] Cell membrane-coated multiple nanozymes [33] Cellular communication Circulation Cell membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanomaterials [38,39,43,45] Cell Neutrophil membrane-coated nanomaterials Protection of neutrophils [65] Bacteria membrane-cloaked nanomaterials Protection of body from bacteria adhesion [68] T cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Protection of T cells [69] Targeting Stem cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Enhancing tumor targeting ability [74][75][76][77] Leukocyte membrane-coated nanomaterials [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Platelet membrane-coated nanomaterials [91,[93][94][95][96][97][98] Tumor cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Homologous targeting ability…”

Nano-based approaches in the development of antiviral agents and vaccines

“…However, cell membrane-derived vesicles are prone to membrane fusion due to the fluid-filled vesicles and cell membranes, thus generating a risk that vesicles bring detained viruses to healthy cells [ 31 ]. Therefore, cell membrane-coated nanostructures, in which the membrane is fixed and stabilized by a nano-core, have been developed to avoid unwanted membrane fusion [ 28 , 32 , 33 ]. Cell membrane-coated nanodecoys effectively trap Zika virus (ZIKV), divert it from healthy cells, and successfully mitigate ZIKV-induced inflammatory responses and fetal microcephaly [ 34 ].…”